2 * Copyright (c) 2019 PANTHEON.tech, s.r.o. and others. All rights reserved.
4 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
5 * terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 which accompanies this distribution,
6 * and is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
8 package org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.codec.binfmt;
10 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
12 import java.io.DataOutput;
13 import java.io.IOException;
14 import java.io.StringWriter;
15 import java.math.BigDecimal;
16 import java.math.BigInteger;
17 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
18 import java.util.ArrayDeque;
19 import java.util.Deque;
20 import java.util.HashMap;
21 import java.util.List;
23 import java.util.Map.Entry;
24 import java.util.Optional;
26 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
27 import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
28 import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
29 import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
30 import org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNull;
31 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.rfc8528.data.api.MountPointIdentifier;
32 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.Empty;
33 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.QName;
34 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.QNameModule;
35 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.Revision;
36 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.Uint16;
37 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.Uint32;
38 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.Uint64;
39 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.common.Uint8;
40 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier;
41 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier.AugmentationIdentifier;
42 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier.NodeIdentifier;
43 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier.NodeIdentifierWithPredicates;
44 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier.NodeWithValue;
45 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier.PathArgument;
46 import org.slf4j.Logger;
47 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
50 * Abstract base class for NormalizedNodeDataOutput based on {@link MagnesiumNode}, {@link MagnesiumPathArgument} and
51 * {@link MagnesiumValue}.
53 abstract class AbstractMagnesiumDataOutput extends AbstractNormalizedNodeDataOutput {
54 private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractMagnesiumDataOutput.class);
56 // Marker for encoding state when we have entered startLeafNode() within a startMapEntry() and that leaf corresponds
57 // to a key carried within NodeIdentifierWithPredicates.
58 private static final Object KEY_LEAF_STATE = new Object();
59 // Marker for nodes which have simple content and do not use END_NODE marker to terminate
60 private static final Object NO_ENDNODE_STATE = new Object();
62 private static final TransformerFactory TF = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
65 * Stack tracking encoding state. In general we track the node identifier of the currently-open element, but there
66 * are a few other circumstances where we push other objects. See {@link #KEY_LEAF_STATE} and
67 * {@link #NO_ENDNODE_STATE}.
69 private final Deque<Object> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
72 private final Map<AugmentationIdentifier, Integer> aidCodeMap = new HashMap<>();
73 private final Map<QNameModule, Integer> moduleCodeMap = new HashMap<>();
74 private final Map<String, Integer> stringCodeMap = new HashMap<>();
75 private final Map<QName, Integer> qnameCodeMap = new HashMap<>();
77 AbstractMagnesiumDataOutput(final DataOutput output) {
82 public final void startLeafNode(final NodeIdentifier name) throws IOException {
83 final Object current = stack.peek();
84 if (current instanceof NodeIdentifierWithPredicates) {
85 final QName qname = name.getNodeType();
86 if (((NodeIdentifierWithPredicates) current).containsKey(qname)) {
87 writeQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LEAF | MagnesiumNode.PREDICATE_ONE, qname);
88 stack.push(KEY_LEAF_STATE);
93 startSimpleNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LEAF, name);
97 public final void startLeafSet(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
98 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LEAFSET, name);
102 public final void startOrderedLeafSet(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
103 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LEAFSET_ORDERED, name);
107 public final void startLeafSetEntryNode(final NodeWithValue<?> name) throws IOException {
108 if (matchesParentQName(name.getNodeType())) {
109 output.writeByte(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LEAFSET_ENTRY);
110 stack.push(NO_ENDNODE_STATE);
112 startSimpleNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LEAFSET_ENTRY, name);
117 public final void startContainerNode(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
118 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_CONTAINER, name);
122 public final void startUnkeyedList(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
123 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LIST, name);
127 public final void startUnkeyedListItem(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
128 startInheritedNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_LIST_ENTRY, name);
132 public final void startMapNode(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
133 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_MAP, name);
137 public final void startMapEntryNode(final NodeIdentifierWithPredicates identifier, final int childSizeHint)
139 final int size = identifier.size();
141 startInheritedNode((byte) (MagnesiumNode.NODE_MAP_ENTRY | MagnesiumNode.PREDICATE_ONE), identifier);
142 } else if (size == 0) {
143 startInheritedNode((byte) (MagnesiumNode.NODE_MAP_ENTRY | MagnesiumNode.PREDICATE_ZERO), identifier);
144 } else if (size < 256) {
145 startInheritedNode((byte) (MagnesiumNode.NODE_MAP_ENTRY | MagnesiumNode.PREDICATE_1B), identifier);
146 output.writeByte(size);
148 startInheritedNode((byte) (MagnesiumNode.NODE_MAP_ENTRY | MagnesiumNode.PREDICATE_4B), identifier);
149 output.writeInt(size);
152 writePredicates(identifier);
156 public final void startOrderedMapNode(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
157 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_MAP_ORDERED, name);
161 public final void startChoiceNode(final NodeIdentifier name, final int childSizeHint) throws IOException {
162 startQNameNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_CHOICE, name);
166 public final void startAugmentationNode(final AugmentationIdentifier identifier) throws IOException {
167 final Integer code = aidCodeMap.get(identifier);
169 aidCodeMap.put(identifier, aidCodeMap.size());
170 output.writeByte(MagnesiumNode.NODE_AUGMENTATION | MagnesiumNode.ADDR_DEFINE);
171 final Set<QName> qnames = identifier.getPossibleChildNames();
172 output.writeInt(qnames.size());
173 for (QName qname : qnames) {
174 writeQNameInternal(qname);
177 writeNodeType(MagnesiumNode.NODE_AUGMENTATION, code);
179 stack.push(identifier);
183 public final boolean startAnyxmlNode(final NodeIdentifier name, final Class<?> objectModel) throws IOException {
184 if (DOMSource.class.isAssignableFrom(objectModel)) {
185 startSimpleNode(MagnesiumNode.NODE_ANYXML, name);
192 public final void domSourceValue(final DOMSource value) throws IOException {
193 final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
195 TF.newTransformer().transform(value, new StreamResult(writer));
196 } catch (TransformerException e) {
197 throw new IOException("Error writing anyXml", e);
199 writeValue(writer.toString());
203 public final void endNode() throws IOException {
204 if (stack.pop() instanceof PathArgument) {
205 output.writeByte(MagnesiumNode.NODE_END);
210 public final void scalarValue(final Object value) throws IOException {
211 if (KEY_LEAF_STATE.equals(stack.peek())) {
212 LOG.trace("Inside a map entry key leaf, not emitting value {}", value);
219 final void writeQNameInternal(final QName qname) throws IOException {
220 final Integer code = qnameCodeMap.get(qname);
222 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.QNAME);
230 final void writePathArgumentInternal(final PathArgument pathArgument) throws IOException {
231 if (pathArgument instanceof NodeIdentifier) {
232 writeNodeIdentifier((NodeIdentifier) pathArgument);
233 } else if (pathArgument instanceof NodeIdentifierWithPredicates) {
234 writeNodeIdentifierWithPredicates((NodeIdentifierWithPredicates) pathArgument);
235 } else if (pathArgument instanceof AugmentationIdentifier) {
236 writeAugmentationIdentifier((AugmentationIdentifier) pathArgument);
237 } else if (pathArgument instanceof NodeWithValue) {
238 writeNodeWithValue((NodeWithValue<?>) pathArgument);
239 } else if (pathArgument instanceof MountPointIdentifier) {
240 writeMountPointIdentifier((MountPointIdentifier) pathArgument);
242 throw new IOException("Unhandled PathArgument " + pathArgument);
246 private void writeAugmentationIdentifier(final AugmentationIdentifier identifier) throws IOException {
247 final Set<QName> qnames = identifier.getPossibleChildNames();
248 final int size = qnames.size();
250 output.writeByte(MagnesiumPathArgument.AUGMENTATION_IDENTIFIER
251 | size << MagnesiumPathArgument.AID_COUNT_SHIFT);
252 } else if (size < 256) {
253 output.writeByte(MagnesiumPathArgument.AUGMENTATION_IDENTIFIER | MagnesiumPathArgument.AID_COUNT_1B);
254 output.writeByte(size);
255 } else if (size < 65536) {
256 output.writeByte(MagnesiumPathArgument.AUGMENTATION_IDENTIFIER | MagnesiumPathArgument.AID_COUNT_2B);
257 output.writeShort(size);
259 output.writeByte(MagnesiumPathArgument.AUGMENTATION_IDENTIFIER | MagnesiumPathArgument.AID_COUNT_4B);
260 output.writeInt(size);
263 for (QName qname : qnames) {
264 writeQNameInternal(qname);
268 private void writeNodeIdentifier(final NodeIdentifier identifier) throws IOException {
269 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(), MagnesiumPathArgument.NODE_IDENTIFIER);
272 private void writeMountPointIdentifier(final MountPointIdentifier identifier) throws IOException {
273 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(), MagnesiumPathArgument.MOUNTPOINT_IDENTIFIER);
276 private void writeNodeIdentifierWithPredicates(final NodeIdentifierWithPredicates identifier) throws IOException {
277 final int size = identifier.size();
279 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(),
280 (byte) (MagnesiumPathArgument.NODE_IDENTIFIER_WITH_PREDICATES
281 | size << MagnesiumPathArgument.SIZE_SHIFT));
282 } else if (size < 256) {
283 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(),
284 (byte) (MagnesiumPathArgument.NODE_IDENTIFIER_WITH_PREDICATES | MagnesiumPathArgument.SIZE_1B));
285 output.writeByte(size);
286 } else if (size < 65536) {
287 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(),
288 (byte) (MagnesiumPathArgument.NODE_IDENTIFIER_WITH_PREDICATES | MagnesiumPathArgument.SIZE_2B));
289 output.writeShort(size);
291 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(),
292 (byte) (MagnesiumPathArgument.NODE_IDENTIFIER_WITH_PREDICATES | MagnesiumPathArgument.SIZE_4B));
293 output.writeInt(size);
296 writePredicates(identifier);
299 private void writePredicates(final NodeIdentifierWithPredicates identifier) throws IOException {
300 for (Entry<QName, Object> e : identifier.entrySet()) {
301 writeQNameInternal(e.getKey());
302 writeObject(e.getValue());
306 private void writeNodeWithValue(final NodeWithValue<?> identifier) throws IOException {
307 writePathArgumentQName(identifier.getNodeType(), MagnesiumPathArgument.NODE_WITH_VALUE);
308 writeObject(identifier.getValue());
311 private void writePathArgumentQName(final QName qname, final byte typeHeader) throws IOException {
312 final Integer code = qnameCodeMap.get(qname);
314 final int val = code;
316 output.writeByte(typeHeader | MagnesiumPathArgument.QNAME_REF_1B);
317 output.writeByte(val);
318 } else if (val < 65792) {
319 output.writeByte(typeHeader | MagnesiumPathArgument.QNAME_REF_2B);
320 output.writeShort(val - 256);
322 output.writeByte(typeHeader | MagnesiumPathArgument.QNAME_REF_4B);
323 output.writeInt(val);
326 // implied '| MagnesiumPathArgument.QNAME_DEF'
327 output.writeByte(typeHeader);
333 final void writeYangInstanceIdentifierInternal(final YangInstanceIdentifier identifier) throws IOException {
334 writeValue(identifier);
337 private void writeObject(final @NonNull Object value) throws IOException {
338 if (value instanceof String) {
339 writeValue((String) value);
340 } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
341 writeValue((Boolean) value);
342 } else if (value instanceof Byte) {
343 writeValue((Byte) value);
344 } else if (value instanceof Short) {
345 writeValue((Short) value);
346 } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
347 writeValue((Integer) value);
348 } else if (value instanceof Long) {
349 writeValue((Long) value);
350 } else if (value instanceof Uint8) {
351 writeValue((Uint8) value);
352 } else if (value instanceof Uint16) {
353 writeValue((Uint16) value);
354 } else if (value instanceof Uint32) {
355 writeValue((Uint32) value);
356 } else if (value instanceof Uint64) {
357 writeValue((Uint64) value);
358 } else if (value instanceof QName) {
359 writeQNameInternal((QName) value);
360 } else if (value instanceof YangInstanceIdentifier) {
361 writeValue((YangInstanceIdentifier) value);
362 } else if (value instanceof byte[]) {
363 writeValue((byte[]) value);
364 } else if (value instanceof Empty) {
365 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.EMPTY);
366 } else if (value instanceof Set) {
367 writeValue((Set<?>) value);
368 } else if (value instanceof BigDecimal) {
369 writeValue((BigDecimal) value);
370 } else if (value instanceof BigInteger) {
371 writeValue((BigInteger) value);
373 throw new IOException("Unhandled value type " + value.getClass());
377 private void writeValue(final boolean value) throws IOException {
378 output.writeByte(value ? MagnesiumValue.BOOLEAN_TRUE : MagnesiumValue.BOOLEAN_FALSE);
381 private void writeValue(final byte value) throws IOException {
383 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT8);
384 output.writeByte(value);
386 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT8_0);
390 private void writeValue(final short value) throws IOException {
392 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT16);
393 output.writeShort(value);
395 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT16_0);
399 private void writeValue(final int value) throws IOException {
400 if ((value & 0xFFFF0000) != 0) {
401 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT32);
402 output.writeInt(value);
403 } else if (value != 0) {
404 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT32_2B);
405 output.writeShort(value);
407 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT32_0);
411 private void writeValue(final long value) throws IOException {
412 if ((value & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000L) != 0) {
413 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT64);
414 output.writeLong(value);
415 } else if (value != 0) {
416 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT64_4B);
417 output.writeInt((int) value);
419 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.INT64_0);
423 private void writeValue(final Uint8 value) throws IOException {
424 final byte b = value.byteValue();
426 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT8);
429 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT8_0);
433 private void writeValue(final Uint16 value) throws IOException {
434 final short s = value.shortValue();
436 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT16);
437 output.writeShort(s);
439 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT16_0);
443 private void writeValue(final Uint32 value) throws IOException {
444 final int i = value.intValue();
445 if ((i & 0xFFFF0000) != 0) {
446 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT32);
449 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT32_2B);
450 output.writeShort(i);
452 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT32_0);
456 private void writeValue(final Uint64 value) throws IOException {
457 final long l = value.longValue();
458 if ((l & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000L) != 0) {
459 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT64);
462 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT64_4B);
463 output.writeInt((int) l);
465 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.UINT64_0);
469 private void writeValue(final BigDecimal value) throws IOException {
470 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BIGDECIMAL);
471 output.writeUTF(value.toString());
474 abstract void writeValue(BigInteger value) throws IOException;
476 private void writeValue(final String value) throws IOException {
477 if (value.isEmpty()) {
478 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_EMPTY);
479 } else if (value.length() <= Short.MAX_VALUE / 2) {
480 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_UTF);
481 output.writeUTF(value);
482 } else if (value.length() <= 1048576) {
483 final byte[] bytes = value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
484 if (bytes.length < 65536) {
485 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_2B);
486 output.writeShort(bytes.length);
488 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_4B);
489 output.writeInt(bytes.length);
493 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_CHARS);
494 output.writeInt(value.length());
495 output.writeChars(value);
499 private void writeValue(final byte[] value) throws IOException {
500 if (value.length < 128) {
501 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BINARY_0 + value.length);
502 } else if (value.length < 384) {
503 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BINARY_1B);
504 output.writeByte(value.length - 128);
505 } else if (value.length < 65920) {
506 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BINARY_2B);
507 output.writeShort(value.length - 384);
509 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BINARY_4B);
510 output.writeInt(value.length);
515 private void writeValue(final YangInstanceIdentifier value) throws IOException {
516 final List<PathArgument> args = value.getPathArguments();
517 final int size = args.size();
519 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.YIID);
520 output.writeInt(size);
522 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.YIID_0 + size);
524 for (PathArgument arg : args) {
525 writePathArgumentInternal(arg);
529 private void writeValue(final Set<?> value) throws IOException {
530 final int size = value.size();
532 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BITS_0 + size);
533 } else if (size < 285) {
534 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BITS_1B);
535 output.writeByte(size - 29);
536 } else if (size < 65821) {
537 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BITS_2B);
538 output.writeShort(size - 285);
540 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.BITS_4B);
541 output.writeInt(size);
544 for (Object bit : value) {
545 checkArgument(bit instanceof String, "Expected value type to be String but was %s", bit);
546 encodeString((String) bit);
550 // Check if the proposed QName matches the parent. This is only effective if the parent is identified by
551 // NodeIdentifier -- which is typically true
552 private boolean matchesParentQName(final QName qname) {
553 final Object current = stack.peek();
554 return current instanceof NodeIdentifier && qname.equals(((NodeIdentifier) current).getNodeType());
557 // Start an END_NODE-terminated node, which typically has a QName matching the parent. If that is the case we emit
558 // a parent reference instead of an explicit QName reference -- saving at least one byte
559 private void startInheritedNode(final byte type, final PathArgument name) throws IOException {
560 final QName qname = name.getNodeType();
561 if (matchesParentQName(qname)) {
564 writeQNameNode(type, qname);
569 // Start an END_NODE-terminated node, which needs its QName encoded
570 private void startQNameNode(final byte type, final PathArgument name) throws IOException {
571 writeQNameNode(type, name.getNodeType());
575 // Start a simple node, which is not terminated through END_NODE and encode its QName
576 private void startSimpleNode(final byte type, final PathArgument name) throws IOException {
577 writeQNameNode(type, name.getNodeType());
578 stack.push(NO_ENDNODE_STATE);
581 // Encode a QName-based (i.e. NodeIdentifier*) node with a particular QName. This will either result in a QName
582 // definition, or a reference, where this is encoded along with the node type.
583 private void writeQNameNode(final int type, final @NonNull QName qname) throws IOException {
584 final Integer code = qnameCodeMap.get(qname);
586 output.writeByte(type | MagnesiumNode.ADDR_DEFINE);
589 writeNodeType(type, code);
593 // Write a node type + lookup
594 private void writeNodeType(final int type, final int code) throws IOException {
596 output.writeByte(type | MagnesiumNode.ADDR_LOOKUP_1B);
597 output.writeByte(code);
599 output.writeByte(type | MagnesiumNode.ADDR_LOOKUP_4B);
600 output.writeInt(code);
604 // Encode a QName using lookup tables, resuling either in a reference to an existing entry, or emitting two
606 private void encodeQName(final @NonNull QName qname) throws IOException {
607 final Integer prev = qnameCodeMap.put(qname, qnameCodeMap.size());
609 throw new IOException("Internal coding error: attempted to re-encode " + qname + "%s already encoded as "
613 final QNameModule module = qname.getModule();
614 final Integer code = moduleCodeMap.get(module);
616 moduleCodeMap.put(module, moduleCodeMap.size());
617 encodeString(module.getNamespace().toString());
618 final Optional<Revision> rev = module.getRevision();
619 if (rev.isPresent()) {
620 encodeString(rev.get().toString());
622 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_EMPTY);
625 writeModuleRef(code);
627 encodeString(qname.getLocalName());
630 // Encode a String using lookup tables, resulting either in a reference to an existing entry, or emitting as
632 private void encodeString(final @NonNull String str) throws IOException {
633 final Integer code = stringCodeMap.get(str);
637 stringCodeMap.put(str, stringCodeMap.size());
642 // Write a QName with a lookup table reference. This is a combination of asserting the value is a QName plus
643 // the effects of writeRef()
644 private void writeQNameRef(final int code) throws IOException {
645 final int val = code;
647 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.QNAME_REF_1B);
648 output.writeByte(val);
649 } else if (val < 65792) {
650 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.QNAME_REF_2B);
651 output.writeShort(val - 256);
653 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.QNAME_REF_4B);
654 output.writeInt(val);
658 // Write a lookup table reference, which table is being referenced is implied by the caller
659 private void writeRef(final int code) throws IOException {
660 final int val = code;
662 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_REF_1B);
663 output.writeByte(val);
664 } else if (val < 65792) {
665 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_REF_2B);
666 output.writeShort(val - 256);
668 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.STRING_REF_4B);
669 output.writeInt(val);
673 // Write a lookup module table reference, which table is being referenced is implied by the caller
674 private void writeModuleRef(final int code) throws IOException {
675 final int val = code;
677 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.MODREF_1B);
678 output.writeByte(val);
679 } else if (val < 65792) {
680 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.MODREF_2B);
681 output.writeShort(val - 256);
683 output.writeByte(MagnesiumValue.MODREF_4B);
684 output.writeInt(val);