Bug 6540: Move LeaderInstallSnapshotState to FollowerLogInformation
[controller.git] / opendaylight / md-sal / sal-akka-raft / src / main / java / org / opendaylight / controller / cluster / raft / behaviors / AbstractLeader.java
index 85f2f153ab3046d6541225c95d3863be3435b6b0..5076a8a38f891c894b9e01fdc61db5c0d5fa11a9 100644 (file)
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ import akka.actor.Cancellable;
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.base.Optional;
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.Builder;
 import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collection;
@@ -26,15 +24,18 @@ import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Queue;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.ClientRequestTracker;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.ClientRequestTrackerImpl;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.FollowerLogInformation;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.FollowerLogInformationImpl;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.PeerInfo;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.RaftActorContext;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.RaftState;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.ReplicatedLogEntry;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.Snapshot;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.VotingState;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.Replicate;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.SendHeartBeat;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.SendInstallSnapshot;
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.InstallSnapshot;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.InstallSnapshotReply;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.RaftRPC;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.RequestVoteReply;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.UnInitializedFollowerSnapshotReply;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.persisted.ServerConfigurationPayload;
 import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration;
 
 /**
@@ -69,58 +72,39 @@ import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration;
  * set commitIndex = N (§5.3, §5.4).
  */
 public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
+    private final Map<String, FollowerLogInformation> followerToLog = new HashMap<>();
 
-    // The index of the first chunk that is sent when installing a snapshot
-    public static final int FIRST_CHUNK_INDEX = 1;
-
-    // The index that the follower should respond with if it needs the install snapshot to be reset
-    public static final int INVALID_CHUNK_INDEX = -1;
-
-    // This would be passed as the hash code of the last chunk when sending the first chunk
-    public static final int INITIAL_LAST_CHUNK_HASH_CODE = -1;
-
-    private final Map<String, FollowerLogInformation> followerToLog;
-    private final Map<String, FollowerToSnapshot> mapFollowerToSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
+    /**
+     * Lookup table for request contexts based on journal index. We could use a {@link Map} here, but we really
+     * expect the entries to be modified in sequence, hence we open-code the lookup.
+     *
+     * TODO: Evaluate the use of ArrayDeque(), as that has lower memory overhead. Non-head removals are more costly,
+     *       but we already expect those to be far from frequent.
+     */
+    private final Queue<ClientRequestTracker> trackers = new LinkedList<>();
 
     private Cancellable heartbeatSchedule = null;
+    private Optional<SnapshotHolder> snapshot = Optional.absent();;
+    private int minReplicationCount;
 
-    private final Collection<ClientRequestTracker> trackerList = new LinkedList<>();
-
-    protected final int minReplicationCount;
-
-    protected final int minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount;
-
-    private Optional<SnapshotHolder> snapshot;
+    protected AbstractLeader(RaftActorContext context, RaftState state,
+            @Nullable AbstractLeader initializeFromLeader) {
+        super(context, state);
 
-    public AbstractLeader(RaftActorContext context) {
-        super(context, RaftState.Leader);
-
-        setLeaderPayloadVersion(context.getPayloadVersion());
-
-        final Builder<String, FollowerLogInformation> ftlBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
-        for (String followerId : context.getPeerAddresses().keySet()) {
-            FollowerLogInformation followerLogInformation =
-                new FollowerLogInformationImpl(followerId, -1, context);
-
-            ftlBuilder.put(followerId, followerLogInformation);
+        if(initializeFromLeader != null) {
+            followerToLog.putAll(initializeFromLeader.followerToLog);
+            snapshot = initializeFromLeader.snapshot;
+            trackers.addAll(initializeFromLeader.trackers);
+        } else {
+            for(PeerInfo peerInfo: context.getPeers()) {
+                FollowerLogInformation followerLogInformation = new FollowerLogInformationImpl(peerInfo, -1, context);
+                followerToLog.put(peerInfo.getId(), followerLogInformation);
+            }
         }
-        followerToLog = ftlBuilder.build();
-
-        leaderId = context.getId();
 
         LOG.debug("{}: Election: Leader has following peers: {}", logName(), getFollowerIds());
 
-        minReplicationCount = getMajorityVoteCount(getFollowerIds().size());
-
-        // the isolated Leader peer count will be 1 less than the majority vote count.
-        // this is because the vote count has the self vote counted in it
-        // for e.g
-        // 0 peers = 1 votesRequired , minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = 0
-        // 2 peers = 2 votesRequired , minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = 1
-        // 4 peers = 3 votesRequired, minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = 2
-        minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = minReplicationCount > 0 ? (minReplicationCount - 1) : 0;
-
-        snapshot = Optional.absent();
+        updateMinReplicaCount();
 
         // Immediately schedule a heartbeat
         // Upon election: send initial empty AppendEntries RPCs
@@ -132,6 +116,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         scheduleHeartBeat(context.getConfigParams().getHeartBeatInterval());
     }
 
+    protected AbstractLeader(RaftActorContext context, RaftState state) {
+        this(context, state, null);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Return an immutable collection of follower identifiers.
      *
@@ -141,6 +129,42 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         return followerToLog.keySet();
     }
 
+    public void addFollower(String followerId) {
+        FollowerLogInformation followerLogInformation = new FollowerLogInformationImpl(
+                context.getPeerInfo(followerId), -1, context);
+        followerToLog.put(followerId, followerLogInformation);
+
+        if(heartbeatSchedule == null) {
+            scheduleHeartBeat(context.getConfigParams().getHeartBeatInterval());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeFollower(String followerId) {
+        followerToLog.remove(followerId);
+    }
+
+    public void updateMinReplicaCount() {
+        int numVoting = 0;
+        for(PeerInfo peer: context.getPeers()) {
+            if(peer.isVoting()) {
+                numVoting++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        minReplicationCount = getMajorityVoteCount(numVoting);
+    }
+
+    protected int getMinIsolatedLeaderPeerCount(){
+      //the isolated Leader peer count will be 1 less than the majority vote count.
+        //this is because the vote count has the self vote counted in it
+        //for e.g
+        //0 peers = 1 votesRequired , minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = 0
+        //2 peers = 2 votesRequired , minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = 1
+        //4 peers = 3 votesRequired, minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount = 2
+
+        return minReplicationCount > 0 ? (minReplicationCount - 1) : 0;
+    }
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     void setSnapshot(@Nullable Snapshot snapshot) {
         if(snapshot != null) {
@@ -150,6 +174,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         }
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    boolean hasSnapshot() {
+        return snapshot.isPresent();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected RaftActorBehavior handleAppendEntries(ActorRef sender,
         AppendEntries appendEntries) {
@@ -187,17 +216,49 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
 
         followerLogInformation.markFollowerActive();
         followerLogInformation.setPayloadVersion(appendEntriesReply.getPayloadVersion());
+        followerLogInformation.setRaftVersion(appendEntriesReply.getRaftVersion());
 
         boolean updated = false;
-        if (appendEntriesReply.isSuccess()) {
+        if(appendEntriesReply.getLogLastIndex() > context.getReplicatedLog().lastIndex()) {
+            // The follower's log is actually ahead of the leader's log. Normally this doesn't happen
+            // in raft as a node cannot become leader if it's log is behind another's. However, the
+            // non-voting semantics deviate a bit from raft. Only voting members participate in
+            // elections and can become leader so it's possible for a non-voting follower to be ahead
+            // of the leader. This can happen if persistence is disabled and all voting members are
+            // restarted. In this case, the voting leader will start out with an empty log however
+            // the non-voting followers still retain the previous data in memory. On the first
+            // AppendEntries, the non-voting follower returns a successful reply b/c the prevLogIndex
+            // sent by the leader is -1 and thus the integrity checks pass. However the follower's returned
+            // lastLogIndex may be higher in which case we want to reset the follower by installing a
+            // snapshot. It's also possible that the follower's last log index is behind the leader's.
+            // However in this case the log terms won't match and the logs will conflict - this is handled
+            // elsewhere.
+            LOG.debug("{}: handleAppendEntriesReply: follower {} lastIndex {} is ahead of our lastIndex {} - forcing install snaphot",
+                    logName(), followerLogInformation.getId(), appendEntriesReply.getLogLastIndex(),
+                    context.getReplicatedLog().lastIndex());
+
+            followerLogInformation.setMatchIndex(-1);
+            followerLogInformation.setNextIndex(-1);
+
+            initiateCaptureSnapshot(followerId);
+            updated = true;
+        } else if (appendEntriesReply.isSuccess()) {
             updated = updateFollowerLogInformation(followerLogInformation, appendEntriesReply);
         } else {
             LOG.debug("{}: handleAppendEntriesReply: received unsuccessful reply: {}", logName(), appendEntriesReply);
 
             long followerLastLogIndex = appendEntriesReply.getLogLastIndex();
-            ReplicatedLogEntry followersLastLogEntry = context.getReplicatedLog().get(followerLastLogIndex);
-            if(followerLastLogIndex < 0 || (followersLastLogEntry != null &&
-                    followersLastLogEntry.getTerm() == appendEntriesReply.getLogLastTerm())) {
+            long followersLastLogTerm = getLogEntryTerm(followerLastLogIndex);
+            if(appendEntriesReply.isForceInstallSnapshot()) {
+                // Reset the followers match and next index. This is to signal that this follower has nothing
+                // in common with this Leader and so would require a snapshot to be installed
+                followerLogInformation.setMatchIndex(-1);
+                followerLogInformation.setNextIndex(-1);
+
+                // Force initiate a snapshot capture
+                initiateCaptureSnapshot(followerId);
+            } else if(followerLastLogIndex < 0 || (followersLastLogTerm >= 0 &&
+                    followersLastLogTerm == appendEntriesReply.getLogLastTerm())) {
                 // The follower's log is empty or the last entry is present in the leader's journal
                 // and the terms match so the follower is just behind the leader's journal from
                 // the last snapshot, if any. We'll catch up the follower quickly by starting at the
@@ -205,11 +266,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
 
                 updated = updateFollowerLogInformation(followerLogInformation, appendEntriesReply);
             } else {
-                // TODO: When we find that the follower is out of sync with the
-                // Leader we simply decrement that followers next index by 1.
-                // Would it be possible to do better than this? The RAFT spec
-                // does not explicitly deal with it but may be something for us to
-                // think about.
+                // The follower's log conflicts with leader's log so decrement follower's next index by 1
+                // in an attempt to find where the logs match.
+
+                LOG.debug("{}: follower's last log term {} conflicts with the leader's {} - dec next index",
+                        logName(), appendEntriesReply.getLogLastTerm(), followersLastLogTerm);
 
                 followerLogInformation.decrNextIndex();
             }
@@ -219,22 +280,51 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         // If there exists an N such that N > commitIndex, a majority
         // of matchIndex[i] ≥ N, and log[N].term == currentTerm:
         // set commitIndex = N (§5.3, §5.4).
+        if(LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+            LOG.trace("{}: handleAppendEntriesReply from {}: commitIndex: {}, lastAppliedIndex: {}, currentTerm: {}",
+                    logName(), followerId, context.getCommitIndex(), context.getLastApplied(), currentTerm());
+        }
+
         for (long N = context.getCommitIndex() + 1; ; N++) {
             int replicatedCount = 1;
 
+            LOG.trace("{}: checking Nth index {}", logName(), N);
             for (FollowerLogInformation info : followerToLog.values()) {
-                if (info.getMatchIndex() >= N) {
+                final PeerInfo peerInfo = context.getPeerInfo(info.getId());
+                if(info.getMatchIndex() >= N && peerInfo != null && peerInfo.isVoting()) {
                     replicatedCount++;
+                } else if(LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.trace("{}: Not counting follower {} - matchIndex: {}, {}", logName(), info.getId(),
+                            info.getMatchIndex(), peerInfo);
                 }
             }
 
+            if(LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+                LOG.trace("{}: replicatedCount {}, minReplicationCount: {}", logName(), replicatedCount, minReplicationCount);
+            }
+
             if (replicatedCount >= minReplicationCount) {
                 ReplicatedLogEntry replicatedLogEntry = context.getReplicatedLog().get(N);
-                if (replicatedLogEntry != null &&
-                    replicatedLogEntry.getTerm() == currentTerm()) {
+                if (replicatedLogEntry == null) {
+                    LOG.debug("{}: ReplicatedLogEntry not found for index {} - snapshotIndex: {}, journal size: {}",
+                            logName(), N, context.getReplicatedLog().getSnapshotIndex(), context.getReplicatedLog().size());
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Don't update the commit index if the log entry is from a previous term, as per §5.4.1:
+                // "Raft never commits log entries from previous terms by counting replicas".
+                // However we keep looping so we can make progress when new entries in the current term
+                // reach consensus, as per §5.4.1: "once an entry from the current term is committed by
+                // counting replicas, then all prior entries are committed indirectly".
+                if (replicatedLogEntry.getTerm() == currentTerm()) {
+                    LOG.trace("{}: Setting commit index to {}", logName(), N);
                     context.setCommitIndex(N);
+                } else {
+                    LOG.debug("{}: Not updating commit index to {} - retrieved log entry with index {}, term {} does not match the current term {}",
+                            logName(), N, replicatedLogEntry.getIndex(), replicatedLogEntry.getTerm(), currentTerm());
                 }
             } else {
+                LOG.trace("{}: minReplicationCount not reached, actual {} - breaking", logName(), replicatedCount);
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -255,6 +345,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
 
         //Send the next log entry immediately, if possible, no need to wait for heartbeat to trigger that event
         sendUpdatesToFollower(followerId, followerLogInformation, false, !updated);
+
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -286,7 +377,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
 
     @Override
     protected ClientRequestTracker removeClientRequestTracker(long logIndex) {
-        final Iterator<ClientRequestTracker> it = trackerList.iterator();
+        final Iterator<ClientRequestTracker> it = trackers.iterator();
         while (it.hasNext()) {
             final ClientRequestTracker t = it.next();
             if (t.getIndex() == logIndex) {
@@ -298,16 +389,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         return null;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected ClientRequestTracker findClientRequestTracker(long logIndex) {
-        for (ClientRequestTracker tracker : trackerList) {
-            if (tracker.getIndex() == logIndex) {
-                return tracker;
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
     @Override
     protected RaftActorBehavior handleRequestVoteReply(ActorRef sender,
         RequestVoteReply requestVoteReply) {
@@ -317,11 +398,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
     protected void beforeSendHeartbeat(){}
 
     @Override
-    public RaftActorBehavior handleMessage(ActorRef sender, Object originalMessage) {
+    public RaftActorBehavior handleMessage(ActorRef sender, Object message) {
         Preconditions.checkNotNull(sender, "sender should not be null");
 
-        Object message = fromSerializableMessage(originalMessage);
-
         if (message instanceof RaftRPC) {
             RaftRPC rpc = (RaftRPC) message;
             // If RPC request or response contains term T > currentTerm:
@@ -341,44 +420,46 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
             beforeSendHeartbeat();
             sendHeartBeat();
             scheduleHeartBeat(context.getConfigParams().getHeartBeatInterval());
-            return this;
-
         } else if(message instanceof SendInstallSnapshot) {
             // received from RaftActor
             setSnapshot(((SendInstallSnapshot) message).getSnapshot());
             sendInstallSnapshot();
-
         } else if (message instanceof Replicate) {
             replicate((Replicate) message);
-
-        } else if (message instanceof InstallSnapshotReply){
+        } else if (message instanceof InstallSnapshotReply) {
             handleInstallSnapshotReply((InstallSnapshotReply) message);
-
+        } else {
+            return super.handleMessage(sender, message);
         }
 
-
-        return super.handleMessage(sender, message);
+        return this;
     }
 
     private void handleInstallSnapshotReply(InstallSnapshotReply reply) {
         LOG.debug("{}: handleInstallSnapshotReply: {}", logName(), reply);
 
         String followerId = reply.getFollowerId();
-        FollowerToSnapshot followerToSnapshot = mapFollowerToSnapshot.get(followerId);
+        FollowerLogInformation followerLogInformation = followerToLog.get(followerId);
+        if(followerLogInformation == null) {
+            // This can happen during AddServer if it times out.
+            LOG.error("{}: FollowerLogInformation not found for follower {} in InstallSnapshotReply",
+                    logName(), followerId);
+            return;
+        }
 
-        if (followerToSnapshot == null) {
-            LOG.error("{}: FollowerId {} in InstallSnapshotReply not known to Leader",
+        LeaderInstallSnapshotState installSnapshotState = followerLogInformation.getInstallSnapshotState();
+        if (installSnapshotState == null) {
+            LOG.error("{}: LeaderInstallSnapshotState not found for follower {} in InstallSnapshotReply",
                     logName(), followerId);
             return;
         }
 
-        FollowerLogInformation followerLogInformation = followerToLog.get(followerId);
         followerLogInformation.markFollowerActive();
 
-        if (followerToSnapshot.getChunkIndex() == reply.getChunkIndex()) {
+        if (installSnapshotState.getChunkIndex() == reply.getChunkIndex()) {
             boolean wasLastChunk = false;
             if (reply.isSuccess()) {
-                if(followerToSnapshot.isLastChunk(reply.getChunkIndex())) {
+                if(installSnapshotState.isLastChunk(reply.getChunkIndex())) {
                     //this was the last chunk reply
                     if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                         LOG.debug("{}: InstallSnapshotReply received, " +
@@ -391,33 +472,39 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
                     long followerMatchIndex = snapshot.get().getLastIncludedIndex();
                     followerLogInformation.setMatchIndex(followerMatchIndex);
                     followerLogInformation.setNextIndex(followerMatchIndex + 1);
-                    mapFollowerToSnapshot.remove(followerId);
+                    followerLogInformation.clearLeaderInstallSnapshotState();
 
                     LOG.debug("{}: follower: {}, matchIndex set to {}, nextIndex set to {}",
-                                logName(), followerId, followerLogInformation.getMatchIndex(),
-                                followerLogInformation.getNextIndex());
+                        logName(), followerId, followerLogInformation.getMatchIndex(),
+                        followerLogInformation.getNextIndex());
 
-                    if (mapFollowerToSnapshot.isEmpty()) {
+                    if (!anyFollowersInstallingSnapshot()) {
                         // once there are no pending followers receiving snapshots
                         // we can remove snapshot from the memory
                         setSnapshot(null);
                     }
-                    wasLastChunk = true;
 
+                    wasLastChunk = true;
+                    if(context.getPeerInfo(followerId).getVotingState() == VotingState.VOTING_NOT_INITIALIZED){
+                        UnInitializedFollowerSnapshotReply unInitFollowerSnapshotSuccess =
+                                             new UnInitializedFollowerSnapshotReply(followerId);
+                        context.getActor().tell(unInitFollowerSnapshotSuccess, context.getActor());
+                        LOG.debug("Sent message UnInitializedFollowerSnapshotReply to self");
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    followerToSnapshot.markSendStatus(true);
+                    installSnapshotState.markSendStatus(true);
                 }
             } else {
                 LOG.info("{}: InstallSnapshotReply received sending snapshot chunk failed, Will retry, Chunk: {}",
                         logName(), reply.getChunkIndex());
 
-                followerToSnapshot.markSendStatus(false);
+                installSnapshotState.markSendStatus(false);
             }
 
             if (wasLastChunk && !context.getSnapshotManager().isCapturing()) {
                 // Since the follower is now caught up try to purge the log.
                 purgeInMemoryLog();
-            } else if (!wasLastChunk && followerToSnapshot.canSendNextChunk()) {
+            } else if (!wasLastChunk && installSnapshotState.canSendNextChunk()) {
                 ActorSelection followerActor = context.getPeerActorSelection(followerId);
                 if(followerActor != null) {
                     sendSnapshotChunk(followerActor, followerId);
@@ -427,31 +514,41 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         } else {
             LOG.error("{}: Chunk index {} in InstallSnapshotReply from follower {} does not match expected index {}",
                     logName(), reply.getChunkIndex(), followerId,
-                    followerToSnapshot.getChunkIndex());
+                    installSnapshotState.getChunkIndex());
 
-            if(reply.getChunkIndex() == INVALID_CHUNK_INDEX){
+            if(reply.getChunkIndex() == LeaderInstallSnapshotState.INVALID_CHUNK_INDEX){
                 // Since the Follower did not find this index to be valid we should reset the follower snapshot
                 // so that Installing the snapshot can resume from the beginning
-                followerToSnapshot.reset();
+                installSnapshotState.reset();
             }
         }
     }
 
+    private boolean anyFollowersInstallingSnapshot() {
+        for(FollowerLogInformation info: followerToLog.values()) {
+            if(info.getInstallSnapshotState() != null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private void replicate(Replicate replicate) {
         long logIndex = replicate.getReplicatedLogEntry().getIndex();
 
-        LOG.debug("{}: Replicate message: identifier: {}, logIndex: {}", logName(),
-                replicate.getIdentifier(), logIndex);
+        LOG.debug("{}: Replicate message: identifier: {}, logIndex: {}, payload: {}", logName(),
+                replicate.getIdentifier(), logIndex, replicate.getReplicatedLogEntry().getData().getClass());
 
         // Create a tracker entry we will use this later to notify the
         // client actor
-        trackerList.add(
-            new ClientRequestTrackerImpl(replicate.getClientActor(),
-                replicate.getIdentifier(),
-                logIndex)
-        );
+        if(replicate.getClientActor() != null) {
+            trackers.add(new ClientRequestTrackerImpl(replicate.getClientActor(), replicate.getIdentifier(),
+                    logIndex));
+        }
 
-        boolean applyModificationToState = followerToLog.isEmpty()
+        boolean applyModificationToState = !context.anyVotingPeers()
                 || context.getRaftPolicy().applyModificationToStateBeforeConsensus();
 
         if(applyModificationToState){
@@ -464,7 +561,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         }
     }
 
-    private void sendAppendEntries(long timeSinceLastActivityInterval, boolean isHeartbeat) {
+    protected void sendAppendEntries(long timeSinceLastActivityInterval, boolean isHeartbeat) {
         // Send an AppendEntries to all followers
         for (Entry<String, FollowerLogInformation> e : followerToLog.entrySet()) {
             final String followerId = e.getKey();
@@ -494,9 +591,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
             boolean sendAppendEntries = false;
             List<ReplicatedLogEntry> entries = Collections.emptyList();
 
-            if (mapFollowerToSnapshot.get(followerId) != null) {
+            LeaderInstallSnapshotState installSnapshotState = followerLogInformation.getInstallSnapshotState();
+            if (installSnapshotState != null) {
                 // if install snapshot is in process , then sent next chunk if possible
-                if (isFollowerActive && mapFollowerToSnapshot.get(followerId).canSendNextChunk()) {
+                if (isFollowerActive && installSnapshotState.canSendNextChunk()) {
                     sendSnapshotChunk(followerActor, followerId);
                 } else if(sendHeartbeat) {
                     // we send a heartbeat even if we have not received a reply for the last chunk
@@ -531,7 +629,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
                     // then snapshot should be sent
 
                     if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
-                        LOG.debug(String.format("%s: InitiateInstallSnapshot to follower: %s," +
+                        LOG.debug(String.format("%s: InitiateInstallSnapshot to follower: %s, " +
                                     "follower-nextIndex: %d, leader-snapshot-index: %d,  " +
                                     "leader-last-index: %d", logName(), followerId,
                                     followerNextIndex, leaderSnapShotIndex, leaderLastIndex));
@@ -539,7 +637,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
 
                     // Send heartbeat to follower whenever install snapshot is initiated.
                     sendAppendEntries = true;
-                    initiateCaptureSnapshot(followerId, followerNextIndex);
+                    if (canInstallSnapshot(followerNextIndex)) {
+                        initiateCaptureSnapshot(followerId);
+                    }
 
                 } else if(sendHeartbeat) {
                     // we send an AppendEntries, even if the follower is inactive
@@ -559,8 +659,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
     private void sendAppendEntriesToFollower(ActorSelection followerActor, long followerNextIndex,
         List<ReplicatedLogEntry> entries, String followerId) {
         AppendEntries appendEntries = new AppendEntries(currentTerm(), context.getId(),
-            prevLogIndex(followerNextIndex),
-            prevLogTerm(followerNextIndex), entries,
+            getLogEntryIndex(followerNextIndex - 1),
+            getLogEntryTerm(followerNextIndex - 1), entries,
             context.getCommitIndex(), super.getReplicatedToAllIndex(), context.getPayloadVersion());
 
         if(!entries.isEmpty() || LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
@@ -568,7 +668,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
                     appendEntries);
         }
 
-        followerActor.tell(appendEntries.toSerializable(), actor());
+        followerActor.tell(appendEntries, actor());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -583,39 +683,44 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
      * 6. If another follower requires a snapshot and a snapshot has been collected (via CaptureSnapshotReply)
      * then send the existing snapshot in chunks to the follower.
      * @param followerId
-     * @param followerNextIndex
      */
-    private void initiateCaptureSnapshot(String followerId, long followerNextIndex) {
-        if (!context.getReplicatedLog().isPresent(followerNextIndex) &&
-                context.getReplicatedLog().isInSnapshot(followerNextIndex)) {
-
-            if (snapshot.isPresent()) {
-                // if a snapshot is present in the memory, most likely another install is in progress
-                // no need to capture snapshot.
-                // This could happen if another follower needs an install when one is going on.
-                final ActorSelection followerActor = context.getPeerActorSelection(followerId);
-                sendSnapshotChunk(followerActor, followerId);
+    public boolean initiateCaptureSnapshot(String followerId) {
+        if (snapshot.isPresent()) {
+            // if a snapshot is present in the memory, most likely another install is in progress
+            // no need to capture snapshot.
+            // This could happen if another follower needs an install when one is going on.
+            final ActorSelection followerActor = context.getPeerActorSelection(followerId);
+            sendSnapshotChunk(followerActor, followerId);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return context.getSnapshotManager().captureToInstall(context.getReplicatedLog().last(),
+                    this.getReplicatedToAllIndex(), followerId);
+        }
+    }
 
+    private boolean canInstallSnapshot(long nextIndex){
+        // If the follower's nextIndex is -1 then we might as well send it a snapshot
+        // Otherwise send it a snapshot only if the nextIndex is not present in the log but is present
+        // in the snapshot
+        return nextIndex == -1 ||
+                (!context.getReplicatedLog().isPresent(nextIndex)
+                        && context.getReplicatedLog().isInSnapshot(nextIndex));
 
-            } else {
-                context.getSnapshotManager().captureToInstall(context.getReplicatedLog().last(),
-                        this.getReplicatedToAllIndex(), followerId);
-            }
-        }
     }
 
 
     private void sendInstallSnapshot() {
         LOG.debug("{}: sendInstallSnapshot", logName());
         for (Entry<String, FollowerLogInformation> e : followerToLog.entrySet()) {
-            ActorSelection followerActor = context.getPeerActorSelection(e.getKey());
+            String followerId = e.getKey();
+            ActorSelection followerActor = context.getPeerActorSelection(followerId);
+            FollowerLogInformation followerLogInfo = e.getValue();
 
             if (followerActor != null) {
-                long nextIndex = e.getValue().getNextIndex();
-
-                if (!context.getReplicatedLog().isPresent(nextIndex) &&
-                    context.getReplicatedLog().isInSnapshot(nextIndex)) {
-                    sendSnapshotChunk(followerActor, e.getKey());
+                long nextIndex = followerLogInfo.getNextIndex();
+                if (context.getPeerInfo(followerId).getVotingState() == VotingState.VOTING_NOT_INITIALIZED ||
+                        canInstallSnapshot(nextIndex)) {
+                    sendSnapshotChunk(followerActor, followerId);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -628,28 +733,35 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
     private void sendSnapshotChunk(ActorSelection followerActor, String followerId) {
         try {
             if (snapshot.isPresent()) {
-                ByteString nextSnapshotChunk = getNextSnapshotChunk(followerId, snapshot.get().getSnapshotBytes());
+                byte[] nextSnapshotChunk = getNextSnapshotChunk(followerId, snapshot.get().getSnapshotBytes());
 
                 // Note: the previous call to getNextSnapshotChunk has the side-effect of adding
                 // followerId to the followerToSnapshot map.
-                FollowerToSnapshot followerToSnapshot = mapFollowerToSnapshot.get(followerId);
+                LeaderInstallSnapshotState installSnapshotState = followerToLog.get(followerId).getInstallSnapshotState();
+
+                int nextChunkIndex = installSnapshotState.incrementChunkIndex();
+                Optional<ServerConfigurationPayload> serverConfig = Optional.absent();
+                if(installSnapshotState.isLastChunk(nextChunkIndex)) {
+                    serverConfig = Optional.fromNullable(context.getPeerServerInfo(true));
+                }
 
                 followerActor.tell(
                     new InstallSnapshot(currentTerm(), context.getId(),
                         snapshot.get().getLastIncludedIndex(),
                         snapshot.get().getLastIncludedTerm(),
                         nextSnapshotChunk,
-                        followerToSnapshot.incrementChunkIndex(),
-                        followerToSnapshot.getTotalChunks(),
-                        Optional.of(followerToSnapshot.getLastChunkHashCode())
-                    ).toSerializable(),
+                        nextChunkIndex,
+                        installSnapshotState.getTotalChunks(),
+                        Optional.of(installSnapshotState.getLastChunkHashCode()),
+                        serverConfig
+                    ).toSerializable(followerToLog.get(followerId).getRaftVersion()),
                     actor()
                 );
 
                 if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                     LOG.debug("{}: InstallSnapshot sent to follower {}, Chunk: {}/{}",
-                            logName(), followerActor.path(), followerToSnapshot.getChunkIndex(),
-                            followerToSnapshot.getTotalChunks());
+                            logName(), followerActor.path(), installSnapshotState.getChunkIndex(),
+                            installSnapshotState.getTotalChunks());
                 }
             }
         } catch (IOException e) {
@@ -661,15 +773,16 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
      * Acccepts snaphot as ByteString, enters into map for future chunks
      * creates and return a ByteString chunk
      */
-    private ByteString getNextSnapshotChunk(String followerId, ByteString snapshotBytes) throws IOException {
-        FollowerToSnapshot followerToSnapshot = mapFollowerToSnapshot.get(followerId);
-        if (followerToSnapshot == null) {
-            followerToSnapshot = new FollowerToSnapshot(snapshotBytes);
-            mapFollowerToSnapshot.put(followerId, followerToSnapshot);
+    private byte[] getNextSnapshotChunk(String followerId, ByteString snapshotBytes) throws IOException {
+        LeaderInstallSnapshotState installSnapshotState = followerToLog.get(followerId).getInstallSnapshotState();
+        if (installSnapshotState == null) {
+            installSnapshotState = new LeaderInstallSnapshotState(snapshotBytes, context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize(),
+                    logName());
+            followerToLog.get(followerId).setLeaderInstallSnapshotState(installSnapshotState);
         }
-        ByteString nextChunk = followerToSnapshot.getNextChunk();
+        byte[] nextChunk = installSnapshotState.getNextChunk();
 
-        LOG.debug("{}: next snapshot chunk size for follower {}: {}", logName(), followerId, nextChunk.size());
+        LOG.debug("{}: next snapshot chunk size for follower {}: {}", logName(), followerId, nextChunk.length);
 
         return nextChunk;
     }
@@ -702,147 +815,37 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         // need to be sent if there are other messages being sent to the remote
         // actor.
         heartbeatSchedule = context.getActorSystem().scheduler().scheduleOnce(
-            interval, context.getActor(), new SendHeartBeat(),
+            interval, context.getActor(), SendHeartBeat.INSTANCE,
             context.getActorSystem().dispatcher(), context.getActor());
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void close() throws Exception {
+    public void close() {
         stopHeartBeat();
     }
 
     @Override
-    public String getLeaderId() {
+    public final String getLeaderId() {
         return context.getId();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public final short getLeaderPayloadVersion() {
+        return context.getPayloadVersion();
+    }
+
     protected boolean isLeaderIsolated() {
-        int minPresent = minIsolatedLeaderPeerCount;
+        int minPresent = getMinIsolatedLeaderPeerCount();
         for (FollowerLogInformation followerLogInformation : followerToLog.values()) {
-            if (followerLogInformation.isFollowerActive()) {
+            final PeerInfo peerInfo = context.getPeerInfo(followerLogInformation.getId());
+            if(peerInfo != null && peerInfo.isVoting() && followerLogInformation.isFollowerActive()) {
                 --minPresent;
                 if (minPresent == 0) {
-                    break;
+                    return false;
                 }
             }
         }
-        return (minPresent != 0);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Encapsulates the snapshot bytestring and handles the logic of sending
-     * snapshot chunks
-     */
-    protected class FollowerToSnapshot {
-        private final ByteString snapshotBytes;
-        private int offset = 0;
-        // the next snapshot chunk is sent only if the replyReceivedForOffset matches offset
-        private int replyReceivedForOffset;
-        // if replyStatus is false, the previous chunk is attempted
-        private boolean replyStatus = false;
-        private int chunkIndex;
-        private final int totalChunks;
-        private int lastChunkHashCode = AbstractLeader.INITIAL_LAST_CHUNK_HASH_CODE;
-        private int nextChunkHashCode = AbstractLeader.INITIAL_LAST_CHUNK_HASH_CODE;
-
-        public FollowerToSnapshot(ByteString snapshotBytes) {
-            this.snapshotBytes = snapshotBytes;
-            int size = snapshotBytes.size();
-            totalChunks = ( size / context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize()) +
-                ((size % context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize()) > 0 ? 1 : 0);
-            if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
-                LOG.debug("{}: Snapshot {} bytes, total chunks to send:{}",
-                        logName(), size, totalChunks);
-            }
-            replyReceivedForOffset = -1;
-            chunkIndex = AbstractLeader.FIRST_CHUNK_INDEX;
-        }
-
-        public ByteString getSnapshotBytes() {
-            return snapshotBytes;
-        }
-
-        public int incrementOffset() {
-            if(replyStatus) {
-                // if prev chunk failed, we would want to sent the same chunk again
-                offset = offset + context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize();
-            }
-            return offset;
-        }
-
-        public int incrementChunkIndex() {
-            if (replyStatus) {
-                // if prev chunk failed, we would want to sent the same chunk again
-                chunkIndex =  chunkIndex + 1;
-            }
-            return chunkIndex;
-        }
-
-        public int getChunkIndex() {
-            return chunkIndex;
-        }
-
-        public int getTotalChunks() {
-            return totalChunks;
-        }
-
-        public boolean canSendNextChunk() {
-            // we only send a false if a chunk is sent but we have not received a reply yet
-            return replyReceivedForOffset == offset;
-        }
-
-        public boolean isLastChunk(int chunkIndex) {
-            return totalChunks == chunkIndex;
-        }
-
-        public void markSendStatus(boolean success) {
-            if (success) {
-                // if the chunk sent was successful
-                replyReceivedForOffset = offset;
-                replyStatus = true;
-                lastChunkHashCode = nextChunkHashCode;
-            } else {
-                // if the chunk sent was failure
-                replyReceivedForOffset = offset;
-                replyStatus = false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public ByteString getNextChunk() {
-            int snapshotLength = getSnapshotBytes().size();
-            int start = incrementOffset();
-            int size = context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize();
-            if (context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize() > snapshotLength) {
-                size = snapshotLength;
-            } else {
-                if ((start + context.getConfigParams().getSnapshotChunkSize()) > snapshotLength) {
-                    size = snapshotLength - start;
-                }
-            }
-
-
-            LOG.debug("{}: Next chunk: length={}, offset={},size={}", logName(),
-                    snapshotLength, start, size);
-
-            ByteString substring = getSnapshotBytes().substring(start, start + size);
-            nextChunkHashCode = substring.hashCode();
-            return substring;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * reset should be called when the Follower needs to be sent the snapshot from the beginning
-         */
-        public void reset(){
-            offset = 0;
-            replyStatus = false;
-            replyReceivedForOffset = offset;
-            chunkIndex = AbstractLeader.FIRST_CHUNK_INDEX;
-            lastChunkHashCode = AbstractLeader.INITIAL_LAST_CHUNK_HASH_CODE;
-        }
-
-        public int getLastChunkHashCode() {
-            return lastChunkHashCode;
-        }
+        return minPresent != 0;
     }
 
     // called from example-actor for printing the follower-states
@@ -867,16 +870,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractLeader extends AbstractRaftActorBehavior {
         return followerToLog.get(followerId);
     }
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    protected void setFollowerSnapshot(String followerId, FollowerToSnapshot snapshot) {
-        mapFollowerToSnapshot.put(followerId, snapshot);
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    public int followerSnapshotSize() {
-        return mapFollowerToSnapshot.size();
-    }
-
     @VisibleForTesting
     public int followerLogSize() {
         return followerToLog.size();