Bug 4823: Notify findPrimary callbacks on ReachableMember event
[controller.git] / opendaylight / md-sal / sal-distributed-datastore / src / test / java / org / opendaylight / controller / cluster / datastore / ShardManagerTest.java
index ae7a4f96c53fec04dbadbb612c9bc0369952f654..e32e9385f43b697058f924673e5ad0241368face 100644 (file)
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. and others.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 which accompanies this distribution,
+ * and is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ */
+
 package org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
+import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
+import akka.actor.AddressFromURIString;
 import akka.actor.Props;
+import akka.actor.Status;
+import akka.actor.Status.Failure;
+import akka.actor.Status.Success;
+import akka.actor.Terminated;
+import akka.cluster.Cluster;
+import akka.cluster.ClusterEvent;
+import akka.dispatch.Dispatchers;
 import akka.japi.Creator;
 import akka.pattern.Patterns;
 import akka.persistence.RecoveryCompleted;
+import akka.serialization.Serialization;
 import akka.testkit.JavaTestKit;
 import akka.testkit.TestActorRef;
 import akka.util.Timeout;
+import com.google.common.base.Function;
+import com.google.common.base.Optional;
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Uninterruptibles;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory;
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.SerializationUtils;
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.DataPersistenceProvider;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.config.Configuration;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.config.ConfigurationImpl;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.config.EmptyModuleShardConfigProvider;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.config.ModuleShardConfiguration;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.exceptions.AlreadyExistsException;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.exceptions.NoShardLeaderException;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.exceptions.NotInitializedException;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.exceptions.PrimaryNotFoundException;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.identifiers.ShardIdentifier;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.identifiers.ShardManagerIdentifier;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ActorInitialized;
-import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ActorNotInitialized;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.AddShardReplica;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.CreateShard;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.DatastoreSnapshot;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.DatastoreSnapshot.ShardSnapshot;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.FindLocalShard;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.FindPrimary;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.LocalPrimaryShardFound;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.LocalShardFound;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.LocalShardNotFound;
-import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.PrimaryFound;
-import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.PrimaryNotFound;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.PeerDown;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.PeerUp;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.PrimaryShardInfo;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.RemotePrimaryShardFound;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.RemoveShardReplica;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ShardLeaderStateChanged;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.SwitchShardBehavior;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.UpdateSchemaContext;
-import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.utils.MessageCollectorActor;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.utils.ForwardingActor;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.utils.MockClusterWrapper;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.utils.MockConfiguration;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.utils.PrimaryShardInfoFutureCache;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.notifications.LeaderStateChanged;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.notifications.RegisterRoleChangeListener;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.notifications.RoleChangeNotification;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.RaftState;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.TestActorFactory;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.SwitchBehavior;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.client.messages.GetSnapshot;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.AddServer;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.AddServerReply;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.RemoveServer;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.RemoveServerReply;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.ServerChangeStatus;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.ServerRemoved;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.policy.DisableElectionsRaftPolicy;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.utils.InMemoryJournal;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.utils.InMemorySnapshotStore;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.utils.MessageCollectorActor;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.md.cluster.datastore.model.TestModel;
-import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.model.api.ModuleIdentifier;
+import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.DataTree;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.model.api.SchemaContext;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 import scala.concurrent.Await;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration;
 
 public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ShardManagerTest.class);
+
     private static int ID_COUNTER = 1;
 
     private final String shardMrgIDSuffix = "config" + ID_COUNTER++;
-    private final String shardMgrID = "shard-manager-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+    private final String shardMgrID = ShardManagerIdentifier.builder().type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
 
     @Mock
     private static CountDownLatch ready;
 
     private static TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> mockShardActor;
 
+    private static String mockShardName;
+
     private final DatastoreContext.Builder datastoreContextBuilder = DatastoreContext.newBuilder().
-            dataStoreType(shardMrgIDSuffix).shardInitializationTimeout(600, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            dataStoreName(shardMrgIDSuffix).shardInitializationTimeout(600, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                   .shardHeartbeatIntervalInMillis(100).shardElectionTimeoutFactor(6);
+
+    private final Collection<ActorSystem> actorSystems = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final TestActorFactory actorFactory = new TestActorFactory(getSystem());
 
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
 
         InMemoryJournal.clear();
+        InMemorySnapshotStore.clear();
 
         if(mockShardActor == null) {
-            String name = new ShardIdentifier(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1", "config").toString();
-            mockShardActor = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class), name);
+            mockShardName = new ShardIdentifier(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1", "config").toString();
+            mockShardActor = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class), mockShardName);
         }
 
         mockShardActor.underlyingActor().clear();
@@ -92,72 +165,277 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
     @After
     public void tearDown() {
         InMemoryJournal.clear();
+        InMemorySnapshotStore.clear();
+
+        for(ActorSystem system: actorSystems) {
+            JavaTestKit.shutdownActorSystem(system, null, Boolean.TRUE);
+        }
+
+        actorFactory.close();
+    }
+
+    private ActorSystem newActorSystem(String config) {
+        ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("cluster-test", ConfigFactory.load().getConfig(config));
+        actorSystems.add(system);
+        return system;
+    }
+
+    private ActorRef newMockShardActor(ActorSystem system, String shardName, String memberName) {
+        String name = new ShardIdentifier(shardName, memberName,"config").toString();
+        if(system == getSystem()) {
+            return actorFactory.createTestActor(Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class), name);
+        }
+
+        return TestActorRef.create(system, Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class), name);
     }
 
     private Props newShardMgrProps() {
-        return ShardManager.props(new MockClusterWrapper(), new MockConfiguration(),
-                datastoreContextBuilder.build(), ready);
+        return newShardMgrProps(new MockConfiguration());
+    }
+
+    private static DatastoreContextFactory newDatastoreContextFactory(DatastoreContext datastoreContext) {
+        DatastoreContextFactory mockFactory = mock(DatastoreContextFactory.class);
+        Mockito.doReturn(datastoreContext).when(mockFactory).getBaseDatastoreContext();
+        Mockito.doReturn(datastoreContext).when(mockFactory).getShardDatastoreContext(Mockito.anyString());
+        return mockFactory;
     }
 
+    private TestShardManager.Builder newTestShardMgrBuilder() {
+        return TestShardManager.builder(datastoreContextBuilder);
+    }
+
+    private TestShardManager.Builder newTestShardMgrBuilder(Configuration config) {
+        return TestShardManager.builder(datastoreContextBuilder).configuration(config);
+    }
+
+    private Props newShardMgrProps(Configuration config) {
+        return newTestShardMgrBuilder(config).props();
+    }
+
+    private TestShardManager.Builder newTestShardMgrBuilderWithMockShardActor() {
+        return newTestShardMgrBuilderWithMockShardActor(mockShardActor);
+    }
+
+    private TestShardManager.Builder newTestShardMgrBuilderWithMockShardActor(ActorRef shardActor) {
+        return TestShardManager.builder(datastoreContextBuilder).shardActor(shardActor);
+    }
+
+
     private Props newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor() {
-        Creator<ShardManager> creator = new Creator<ShardManager>() {
+        return newTestShardMgrBuilderWithMockShardActor().props();
+    }
+
+    private Props newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor(ActorRef shardActor) {
+        return newTestShardMgrBuilderWithMockShardActor(shardActor).props();
+    }
+
+
+    private TestShardManager newTestShardManager() {
+        return newTestShardManager(newShardMgrProps());
+    }
+
+    private TestShardManager newTestShardManager(Props props) {
+        TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManagerActor = actorFactory.createTestActor(props);
+        TestShardManager shardManager = shardManagerActor.underlyingActor();
+        shardManager.waitForRecoveryComplete();
+        return shardManager;
+    }
+
+    private void waitForShardInitialized(ActorRef shardManager, String shardName, JavaTestKit kit) {
+        AssertionError last = null;
+        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.createStarted();
+        while(sw.elapsed(TimeUnit.SECONDS) <= 5) {
+            try {
+                shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(shardName, true), kit.getRef());
+                kit.expectMsgClass(LocalShardFound.class);
+                return;
+            } catch(AssertionError e) {
+                last = e;
+            }
+
+            Uninterruptibles.sleepUninterruptibly(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        throw last;
+    }
+
+    private <T> T expectMsgClassOrFailure(Class<T> msgClass, JavaTestKit kit, String msg) {
+        Object reply = kit.expectMsgAnyClassOf(JavaTestKit.duration("5 sec"), msgClass, Failure.class);
+        if(reply instanceof Failure) {
+            throw new AssertionError(msg + " failed", ((Failure)reply).cause());
+        }
+
+        return (T)reply;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPerShardDatastoreContext() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testPerShardDatastoreContext starting");
+        final DatastoreContextFactory mockFactory = newDatastoreContextFactory(
+                datastoreContextBuilder.shardElectionTimeoutFactor(5).build());
+
+        Mockito.doReturn(DatastoreContext.newBuilderFrom(datastoreContextBuilder.build()).
+                shardElectionTimeoutFactor(6).build()).when(mockFactory).getShardDatastoreContext("default");
+
+        Mockito.doReturn(DatastoreContext.newBuilderFrom(datastoreContextBuilder.build()).
+                shardElectionTimeoutFactor(7).build()).when(mockFactory).getShardDatastoreContext("topology");
+
+        final MockConfiguration mockConfig = new MockConfiguration() {
+            @Override
+            public Collection<String> getMemberShardNames(String memberName) {
+                return Arrays.asList("default", "topology");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Collection<String> getMembersFromShardName(String shardName) {
+                return Arrays.asList("member-1");
+            }
+        };
+
+        final TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> defaultShardActor = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class), actorFactory.generateActorId("default"));
+        final TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> topologyShardActor = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class), actorFactory.generateActorId("topology"));
+
+        final Map<String, Entry<ActorRef, DatastoreContext>> shardInfoMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(
+                new HashMap<String, Entry<ActorRef, DatastoreContext>>());
+        shardInfoMap.put("default", new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<ActorRef, DatastoreContext>(defaultShardActor, null));
+        shardInfoMap.put("topology", new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<ActorRef, DatastoreContext>(topologyShardActor, null));
+
+        final PrimaryShardInfoFutureCache primaryShardInfoCache = new PrimaryShardInfoFutureCache();
+        final CountDownLatch newShardActorLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
+        class LocalShardManager extends ShardManager {
+            public LocalShardManager(AbstractBuilder<?> builder) {
+                super(builder);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected ActorRef newShardActor(SchemaContext schemaContext, ShardInformation info) {
+                Entry<ActorRef, DatastoreContext> entry = shardInfoMap.get(info.getShardName());
+                ActorRef ref = null;
+                if(entry != null) {
+                    ref = entry.getKey();
+                    entry.setValue(info.getDatastoreContext());
+                }
+
+                newShardActorLatch.countDown();
+                return ref;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final Creator<ShardManager> creator = new Creator<ShardManager>() {
             private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
             @Override
             public ShardManager create() throws Exception {
-                return new ShardManager(new MockClusterWrapper(), new MockConfiguration(),
-                        datastoreContextBuilder.build(), ready) {
-                    @Override
-                    protected ActorRef newShardActor(SchemaContext schemaContext, ShardInformation info) {
-                        return mockShardActor;
-                    }
-                };
+                return new LocalShardManager(new GenericBuilder<LocalShardManager>(LocalShardManager.class).
+                        datastoreContextFactory(mockFactory).primaryShardInfoCache(primaryShardInfoCache).
+                        configuration(mockConfig));
             }
         };
 
-        return Props.create(new DelegatingShardManagerCreator(creator));
+        JavaTestKit kit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+
+        final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(Props.create(
+                new DelegatingShardManagerCreator(creator)).withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()));
+
+        shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), kit.getRef());
+
+        assertEquals("Shard actors created", true, newShardActorLatch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        assertEquals("getShardElectionTimeoutFactor", 6, shardInfoMap.get("default").getValue().
+                getShardElectionTimeoutFactor());
+        assertEquals("getShardElectionTimeoutFactor", 7, shardInfoMap.get("topology").getValue().
+                getShardElectionTimeoutFactor());
+
+        DatastoreContextFactory newMockFactory = newDatastoreContextFactory(
+                datastoreContextBuilder.shardElectionTimeoutFactor(5).build());
+        Mockito.doReturn(DatastoreContext.newBuilderFrom(datastoreContextBuilder.build()).
+                shardElectionTimeoutFactor(66).build()).when(newMockFactory).getShardDatastoreContext("default");
+
+        Mockito.doReturn(DatastoreContext.newBuilderFrom(datastoreContextBuilder.build()).
+                shardElectionTimeoutFactor(77).build()).when(newMockFactory).getShardDatastoreContext("topology");
+
+        shardManager.tell(newMockFactory, kit.getRef());
+
+        DatastoreContext newContext = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(defaultShardActor, DatastoreContext.class);
+        assertEquals("getShardElectionTimeoutFactor", 66, newContext.getShardElectionTimeoutFactor());
+
+        newContext = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(topologyShardActor, DatastoreContext.class);
+        assertEquals("getShardElectionTimeoutFactor", 77, newContext.getShardElectionTimeoutFactor());
+
+        LOG.info("testPerShardDatastoreContext ending");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonExistentShard() throws Exception {
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary("non-existent", false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary("non-existent", false), getRef());
 
-            expectMsgEquals(duration("5 seconds"), new PrimaryNotFound("non-existent").toSerializable());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryNotFoundException.class);
         }};
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForLocalLeaderShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForLocalLeaderShard starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
             String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
 
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new LeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId), getRef());
+            DataTree mockDataTree = mock(DataTree.class);
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId, Optional.of(mockDataTree),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), getRef());
 
             MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardActor, RegisterRoleChangeListener.class);
             shardManager.tell((new RoleChangeNotification(memberId, RaftState.Candidate.name(),
                     RaftState.Leader.name())), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
-            PrimaryFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+            LocalPrimaryShardFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalPrimaryShardFound.class);
             assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " +  primaryFound.getPrimaryPath(),
                     primaryFound.getPrimaryPath().contains("member-1-shard-default"));
+            assertSame("getLocalShardDataTree", mockDataTree, primaryFound.getLocalShardDataTree());
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForLocalLeaderShard ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonLocalLeaderShardBeforeMemberUp() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonLocalLeaderShardBeforeMemberUp starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+
+            String memberId2 = "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            String memberId1 = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            shardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId1,
+                    RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor);
+            shardManager.tell(new LeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId2, DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonLocalLeaderShardBeforeMemberUp ending");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonLocalLeaderShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonLocalLeaderShard starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
@@ -168,36 +446,41 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
             String memberId1 = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
             shardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId1,
                     RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor);
-            shardManager.tell(new LeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId2), mockShardActor);
+            short leaderVersion = DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION - 1;
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId2, Optional.<DataTree>absent(),
+                    leaderVersion), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
-            PrimaryFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+            RemotePrimaryShardFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), RemotePrimaryShardFound.class);
             assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " +  primaryFound.getPrimaryPath(),
                     primaryFound.getPrimaryPath().contains("member-2-shard-default"));
+            assertEquals("getPrimaryVersion", leaderVersion, primaryFound.getPrimaryVersion());
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForNonLocalLeaderShard ending");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForUninitializedShard() throws Exception {
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
-            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), ActorNotInitialized.class);
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
         }};
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForInitializedShardWithNoRole() throws Exception {
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
             expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
         }};
@@ -205,8 +488,9 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForFollowerShardWithNoInitialLeaderId() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForFollowerShardWithNoInitialLeaderId starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
@@ -215,30 +499,36 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
             shardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId,
                     RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
             expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new LeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId), mockShardActor);
+            DataTree mockDataTree = mock(DataTree.class);
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId, Optional.of(mockDataTree),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
-            PrimaryFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+            LocalPrimaryShardFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalPrimaryShardFound.class);
             assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " +  primaryFound.getPrimaryPath(),
                     primaryFound.getPrimaryPath().contains("member-1-shard-default"));
+            assertSame("getLocalShardDataTree", mockDataTree, primaryFound.getLocalShardDataTree());
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForFollowerShardWithNoInitialLeaderId starting");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForShardLeader() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForShardLeader starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
             // We're passing waitUntilInitialized = true to FindPrimary so the response should be
             // delayed until we send ActorInitialized and RoleChangeNotification.
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true), getRef());
 
             expectNoMsg(FiniteDuration.create(150, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
 
@@ -252,511 +542,1393 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
 
             expectNoMsg(FiniteDuration.create(150, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
 
-            shardManager.tell(new LeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId), mockShardActor);
+            DataTree mockDataTree = mock(DataTree.class);
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId, Optional.of(mockDataTree),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor);
 
-            PrimaryFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+            LocalPrimaryShardFound primaryFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalPrimaryShardFound.class);
             assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " +  primaryFound.getPrimaryPath(),
                     primaryFound.getPrimaryPath().contains("member-1-shard-default"));
+            assertSame("getLocalShardDataTree", mockDataTree, primaryFound.getLocalShardDataTree() );
 
             expectNoMsg(FiniteDuration.create(200, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForShardLeader ending");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithUninitializedShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithUninitializedShard starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true), getRef());
 
-            expectMsgClass(duration("2 seconds"), ActorNotInitialized.class);
+            expectMsgClass(duration("2 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
 
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
 
             expectNoMsg(FiniteDuration.create(200, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithUninitializedShard ending");
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithCandidateShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithCandidateShard starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
             shardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix,
                     null, RaftState.Candidate.name()), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true), getRef());
 
             expectMsgClass(duration("2 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithCandidateShard ending");
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithNoRoleShard() throws Exception {
+    public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithIsolatedLeaderShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithIsolatedLeaderShard starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
             shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+            shardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix,
+                    null, RaftState.IsolatedLeader.name()), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true), getRef());
 
             expectMsgClass(duration("2 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithIsolatedLeaderShard ending");
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardForNonExistentShard() throws Exception {
+    public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithNoRoleShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithNoRoleShard starting");
         new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
             shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("non-existent", false), getRef());
-
-            LocalShardNotFound notFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardNotFound.class);
+            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true), getRef());
 
-            assertEquals("getShardName", "non-existent", notFound.getShardName());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("2 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryWaitForReadyWithNoRoleShard ending");
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardForExistentShard() throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+    public void testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForRemoteShard() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForRemoteShard starting");
+        String shardManagerID = ShardManagerIdentifier.builder().type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
 
-            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
-            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-1.
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
+        final ActorSystem system1 = newActorSystem("Member1");
+        Cluster.get(system1).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            LocalShardFound found = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager1 = TestActorRef.create(system1,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilderWithMockShardActor().cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system1)).props(), shardManagerID);
 
-            assertTrue("Found path contains " + found.getPath().path().toString(),
-                    found.getPath().path().toString().contains("member-1-shard-default-config"));
-        }};
-    }
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-2.
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardForNotInitializedShard() throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+        final ActorSystem system2 = newActorSystem("Member2");
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
+        Cluster.get(system2).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), ActorNotInitialized.class);
-        }};
-    }
+        final ActorRef mockShardActor2 = newMockShardActor(system2, "astronauts", "member-2");
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardWaitForShardInitialized() throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig2 = new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).
+                put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).build());
 
-            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager2 = TestActorRef.create(system2,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig2).shardActor(mockShardActor2).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system2)).props(), shardManagerID);
 
-            // We're passing waitUntilInitialized = true to FindLocalShard so the response should be
-            // delayed until we send ActorInitialized.
-            Future<Object> future = Patterns.ask(shardManager, new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true),
-                    new Timeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        new JavaTestKit(system1) {{
 
-            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+            shardManager1.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager2.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
-            Object resp = Await.result(future, duration("5 seconds"));
-            assertTrue("Expected: LocalShardFound, Actual: " + resp, resp instanceof LocalShardFound);
-        }};
-    }
+            shardManager2.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor2);
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveMemberUp() throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newShardMgrProps());
+            String memberId2 = "member-2-shard-astronauts-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            short leaderVersion = DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION - 1;
+            shardManager2.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId2, memberId2,
+                    Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), leaderVersion), mockShardActor2);
+            shardManager2.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId2,
+                    RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()), mockShardActor2);
 
-            MockClusterWrapper.sendMemberUp(shardManager, "member-2", getRef().path().toString());
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary("astronauts", false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("astronauts", false), getRef());
 
-            PrimaryFound found = PrimaryFound.fromSerializable(expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
-                    PrimaryFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
+            RemotePrimaryShardFound found = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), RemotePrimaryShardFound.class);
             String path = found.getPrimaryPath();
-            assertTrue("Found path contains " + path, path.contains("member-2-shard-astronauts-config"));
-        }};
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnReceiveMemberDown() throws Exception {
-
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newShardMgrProps());
-
-            MockClusterWrapper.sendMemberUp(shardManager, "member-2", getRef().path().toString());
+            assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " + path, path.contains("member-2-shard-astronauts-config"));
+            assertEquals("getPrimaryVersion", leaderVersion, found.getPrimaryVersion());
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary("astronauts", false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager2.underlyingActor().verifyFindPrimary();
 
-            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+            Cluster.get(system2).down(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            MockClusterWrapper.sendMemberRemoved(shardManager, "member-2", getRef().path().toString());
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForMemberRemoved();
 
-            shardManager.tell(new FindPrimary("astronauts", false).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("astronauts", false), getRef());
 
-            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryNotFound.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), PrimaryNotFoundException.class);
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindPrimaryForRemoteShard ending");
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testOnRecoveryJournalIsCleaned() {
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardMgrID, 1L, new ShardManager.SchemaContextModules(
-                ImmutableSet.of("foo")));
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardMgrID, 2L, new ShardManager.SchemaContextModules(
-                ImmutableSet.of("bar")));
-        InMemoryJournal.addDeleteMessagesCompleteLatch(shardMgrID);
+    public void testShardAvailabilityOnChangeOfMemberReachability() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testShardAvailabilityOnChangeOfMemberReachability starting");
+        String shardManagerID = ShardManagerIdentifier.builder().type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
 
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
-                    Props.create(new TestShardManagerCreator(shardMrgIDSuffix)));
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-1.
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().waitForRecoveryComplete();
-            InMemoryJournal.waitForDeleteMessagesComplete(shardMgrID);
+        final ActorSystem system1 = newActorSystem("Member1");
+        Cluster.get(system1).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            // Journal entries up to the last one should've been deleted
-            Map<Long, Object> journal = InMemoryJournal.get(shardMgrID);
-            synchronized (journal) {
-                assertEquals("Journal size", 1, journal.size());
-                assertEquals("Journal entry seq #", Long.valueOf(2), journal.keySet().iterator().next());
-            }
-        }};
-    }
+        final ActorRef mockShardActor1 = newMockShardActor(system1, Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1");
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnRecoveryPreviouslyKnownModulesAreDiscovered() throws Exception {
-        final ImmutableSet<String> persistedModules = ImmutableSet.of("foo", "bar");
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardMgrID, 1L, new ShardManager.SchemaContextModules(
-                persistedModules));
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
-                    Props.create(new TestShardManagerCreator(shardMrgIDSuffix)));
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager1 = TestActorRef.create(system1,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder().shardActor(mockShardActor1).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system1)).props(), shardManagerID);
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().waitForRecoveryComplete();
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-2.
 
-            Collection<String> knownModules = shardManager.underlyingActor().getKnownModules();
+        final ActorSystem system2 = newActorSystem("Member2");
 
-            assertEquals("getKnownModules", persistedModules, Sets.newHashSet(knownModules));
-        }};
-    }
+        Cluster.get(system2).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUpdateSchemaContextUpdateKnownModulesIfTheyContainASuperSetOfTheKnownModules()
-            throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                    TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardMgrProps());
+        final ActorRef mockShardActor2 = newMockShardActor(system2, Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-2");
 
-            assertEquals("getKnownModules size", 0, shardManager.underlyingActor().getKnownModules().size());
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig2 = new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+            put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).build());
 
-            ModuleIdentifier foo = mock(ModuleIdentifier.class);
-            when(foo.getNamespace()).thenReturn(new URI("foo"));
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager2 = TestActorRef.create(system2,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig2).shardActor(mockShardActor2).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system2)).props(), shardManagerID);
 
-            Set<ModuleIdentifier> moduleIdentifierSet = new HashSet<>();
-            moduleIdentifierSet.add(foo);
+        new JavaTestKit(system1) {{
 
-            SchemaContext schemaContext = mock(SchemaContext.class);
-            when(schemaContext.getAllModuleIdentifiers()).thenReturn(moduleIdentifierSet);
+            shardManager1.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager2.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager1.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager2.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor2);
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext));
+            String memberId2 = "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            String memberId1 = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            shardManager1.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId2,
+                Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager1.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId1,
+                RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager2.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId2, memberId2, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION),
+                mockShardActor2);
+            shardManager2.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId2,
+                RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()), mockShardActor2);
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
+
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
+
+            RemotePrimaryShardFound found = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), RemotePrimaryShardFound.class);
+            String path = found.getPrimaryPath();
+            assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " + path, path.contains("member-2-shard-default-config"));
 
-            assertEquals("getKnownModules", Sets.newHashSet("foo"),
-                    Sets.newHashSet(shardManager.underlyingActor().getKnownModules()));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                createUnreachableMember("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            ModuleIdentifier bar = mock(ModuleIdentifier.class);
-            when(bar.getNamespace()).thenReturn(new URI("bar"));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForUnreachableMember();
 
-            moduleIdentifierSet.add(bar);
+            PeerDown peerDown = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardActor1, PeerDown.class);
+            assertEquals("getMemberName", "member-2", peerDown.getMemberName());
+            MessageCollectorActor.clearMessages(mockShardActor1);
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                    createMemberRemoved("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            assertEquals("getKnownModules", Sets.newHashSet("foo", "bar"),
-                    Sets.newHashSet(shardManager.underlyingActor().getKnownModules()));
-        }};
-    }
+            MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardActor1, PeerDown.class);
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUpdateSchemaContextDoNotUpdateKnownModulesIfTheyDoNotContainASuperSetOfKnownModules()
-            throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                    TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardMgrProps());
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
+
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                createReachableMember("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            SchemaContext schemaContext = mock(SchemaContext.class);
-            Set<ModuleIdentifier> moduleIdentifierSet = new HashSet<>();
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForReachableMember();
 
-            ModuleIdentifier foo = mock(ModuleIdentifier.class);
-            when(foo.getNamespace()).thenReturn(new URI("foo"));
+            PeerUp peerUp = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardActor1, PeerUp.class);
+            assertEquals("getMemberName", "member-2", peerUp.getMemberName());
+            MessageCollectorActor.clearMessages(mockShardActor1);
 
-            moduleIdentifierSet.add(foo);
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
 
-            when(schemaContext.getAllModuleIdentifiers()).thenReturn(moduleIdentifierSet);
+            RemotePrimaryShardFound found1 = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), RemotePrimaryShardFound.class);
+            String path1 = found1.getPrimaryPath();
+            assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " + path1, path1.contains("member-2-shard-default-config"));
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                    createMemberUp("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            assertEquals("getKnownModules", Sets.newHashSet("foo"),
-                    Sets.newHashSet(shardManager.underlyingActor().getKnownModules()));
+            MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardActor1, PeerUp.class);
 
-            //Create a completely different SchemaContext with only the bar module in it
-            //schemaContext = mock(SchemaContext.class);
-            moduleIdentifierSet.clear();
-            ModuleIdentifier bar = mock(ModuleIdentifier.class);
-            when(bar.getNamespace()).thenReturn(new URI("bar"));
+            // Test FindPrimary wait succeeds after reachable member event.
 
-            moduleIdentifierSet.add(bar);
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                    createUnreachableMember("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForUnreachableMember();
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext));
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
 
-            assertEquals("getKnownModules", Sets.newHashSet("foo"),
-                    Sets.newHashSet(shardManager.underlyingActor().getKnownModules()));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                    createReachableMember("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
+            RemotePrimaryShardFound found2 = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), RemotePrimaryShardFound.class);
+            String path2 = found2.getPrimaryPath();
+            assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " + path2, path2.contains("member-2-shard-default-config"));
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testShardAvailabilityOnChangeOfMemberReachability ending");
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testRecoveryApplicable(){
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {
-            {
-                final Props persistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                        new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                        new MockConfiguration(),
-                        DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(true).build(), ready);
-                final TestActorRef<ShardManager> persistentShardManager =
-                        TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), persistentProps);
+    public void testShardAvailabilityChangeOnMemberUnreachableAndLeadershipChange() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testShardAvailabilityChangeOnMemberUnreachableAndLeadershipChange starting");
+        String shardManagerID = ShardManagerIdentifier.builder().type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
 
-                DataPersistenceProvider dataPersistenceProvider1 = persistentShardManager.underlyingActor().getDataPersistenceProvider();
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-1.
 
-                assertTrue("Recovery Applicable", dataPersistenceProvider1.isRecoveryApplicable());
+        final ActorSystem system1 = newActorSystem("Member1");
+        Cluster.get(system1).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-                final Props nonPersistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                        new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                        new MockConfiguration(),
-                        DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(false).build(), ready);
-                final TestActorRef<ShardManager> nonPersistentShardManager =
-                        TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), nonPersistentProps);
+        final ActorRef mockShardActor1 = newMockShardActor(system1, Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1");
 
-                DataPersistenceProvider dataPersistenceProvider2 = nonPersistentShardManager.underlyingActor().getDataPersistenceProvider();
+        final PrimaryShardInfoFutureCache primaryShardInfoCache = new PrimaryShardInfoFutureCache();
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager1 = TestActorRef.create(system1,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder().shardActor(mockShardActor1).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system1)).primaryShardInfoCache(primaryShardInfoCache).props(),
+                shardManagerID);
 
-                assertFalse("Recovery Not Applicable", dataPersistenceProvider2.isRecoveryApplicable());
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-2.
 
+        final ActorSystem system2 = newActorSystem("Member2");
 
-            }};
+        Cluster.get(system2).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-    }
+        final ActorRef mockShardActor2 = newMockShardActor(system2, Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-2");
 
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUpdateSchemaContextUpdateKnownModulesCallsDataPersistenceProvider()
-            throws Exception {
-        final CountDownLatch persistLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        final Creator<ShardManager> creator = new Creator<ShardManager>() {
-            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
-            @Override
-            public ShardManager create() throws Exception {
-                return new ShardManager(new MockClusterWrapper(), new MockConfiguration(), DatastoreContext.newBuilder().build(), ready) {
-                    @Override
-                    protected DataPersistenceProvider createDataPersistenceProvider(boolean persistent) {
-                        DataPersistenceProviderMonitor dataPersistenceProviderMonitor
-                                = new DataPersistenceProviderMonitor();
-                        dataPersistenceProviderMonitor.setPersistLatch(persistLatch);
-                        return dataPersistenceProviderMonitor;
-                    }
-                };
-            }
-        };
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig2 = new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+            put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).build());
 
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager2 = TestActorRef.create(system2,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig2).shardActor(mockShardActor2).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system2)).props(), shardManagerID);
+
+        new JavaTestKit(system1) {{
+            shardManager1.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager2.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager1.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager2.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor2);
+
+            String memberId2 = "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            String memberId1 = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            shardManager1.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId2,
+                Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager1.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId1,
+                RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager2.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId2, memberId2, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION),
+                mockShardActor2);
+            shardManager2.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId2,
+                RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()), mockShardActor2);
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
+
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
+
+            RemotePrimaryShardFound found = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), RemotePrimaryShardFound.class);
+            String path = found.getPrimaryPath();
+            assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " + path, path.contains("member-2-shard-default-config"));
+
+            primaryShardInfoCache.putSuccessful("default", new PrimaryShardInfo(system1.actorSelection(
+                    mockShardActor1.path()), DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION, Optional.<DataTree>absent()));
+
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.
+                createUnreachableMember("member-2", "akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
 
-            final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                    TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), Props.create(new DelegatingShardManagerCreator(creator)));
+            shardManager1.underlyingActor().waitForUnreachableMember();
 
-            ModuleIdentifier foo = mock(ModuleIdentifier.class);
-            when(foo.getNamespace()).thenReturn(new URI("foo"));
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
 
-            Set<ModuleIdentifier> moduleIdentifierSet = new HashSet<>();
-            moduleIdentifierSet.add(foo);
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NoShardLeaderException.class);
+
+            assertNull("Expected primaryShardInfoCache entry removed", primaryShardInfoCache.getIfPresent("default"));
 
-            SchemaContext schemaContext = mock(SchemaContext.class);
-            when(schemaContext.getAllModuleIdentifiers()).thenReturn(moduleIdentifierSet);
+            shardManager1.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId1, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor1);
+            shardManager1.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId1,
+                RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()), mockShardActor1);
 
-            shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext));
+            shardManager1.tell(new FindPrimary("default", true), getRef());
 
-            assertEquals("Persisted", true,
-                    Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(persistLatch, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            LocalPrimaryShardFound found1 = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalPrimaryShardFound.class);
+            String path1 = found1.getPrimaryPath();
+            assertTrue("Unexpected primary path " + path1, path1.contains("member-1-shard-default-config"));
 
         }};
+
+        LOG.info("testShardAvailabilityChangeOnMemberUnreachableAndLeadershipChange ending");
     }
 
+
     @Test
-    public void testRoleChangeNotificationReleaseReady() throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {
-            {
-                TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardMgrProps());
+    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardForNonExistentShard() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
-                String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
-                shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(
-                        memberId, RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("non-existent", false), getRef());
 
-                verify(ready, times(1)).countDown();
+            LocalShardNotFound notFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardNotFound.class);
 
-            }};
+            assertEquals("getShardName", "non-existent", notFound.getShardName());
+        }};
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testRoleChangeNotificationDoNothingForUnknownShard() throws Exception {
-        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {
-            {
-                TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardMgrProps());
+    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardForExistentShard() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
-                shardManager.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(
-                        "unknown", RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
 
-                verify(ready, never()).countDown();
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
-            }};
-    }
+            LocalShardFound found = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
 
+            assertTrue("Found path contains " + found.getPath().path().toString(),
+                    found.getPath().path().toString().contains("member-1-shard-default-config"));
+        }};
+    }
 
     @Test
-    public void testByDefaultSyncStatusIsFalse() throws Exception{
-        final Props persistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                new MockConfiguration(),
-                DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(true).build(), ready);
-        final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), persistentProps);
+    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardForNotInitializedShard() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
-        ShardManager shardManagerActor = shardManager.underlyingActor();
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
 
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
+        }};
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testWhenShardIsLeaderSyncStatusIsTrue() throws Exception{
-        final Props persistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                new MockConfiguration(),
-                DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(true).build(), ready);
-        final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), persistentProps);
-
-        ShardManager shardManagerActor = shardManager.underlyingActor();
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-unknown",
-                RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
+    public void testOnReceiveFindLocalShardWaitForShardInitialized() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindLocalShardWaitForShardInitialized starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
 
-        assertEquals(true, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
-    }
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
-    @Test
-    public void testWhenShardIsCandidateSyncStatusIsFalse() throws Exception{
-        final Props persistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                new MockConfiguration(),
-                DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(true).build(), ready);
-        final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), persistentProps);
-
-        ShardManager shardManagerActor = shardManager.underlyingActor();
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-unknown",
-                RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Candidate.name()));
+            // We're passing waitUntilInitialized = true to FindLocalShard so the response should be
+            // delayed until we send ActorInitialized.
+            Future<Object> future = Patterns.ask(shardManager, new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, true),
+                    new Timeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
 
-        // Send a FollowerInitialSyncStatus with status = true for the replica whose current state is candidate
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(true, "member-1-shard-default-unknown"));
+            Object resp = Await.result(future, duration("5 seconds"));
+            assertTrue("Expected: LocalShardFound, Actual: " + resp, resp instanceof LocalShardFound);
+        }};
 
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        LOG.info("testOnReceiveFindLocalShardWaitForShardInitialized starting");
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testWhenShardIsFollowerSyncStatusDependsOnFollowerInitialSyncStatus() throws Exception{
-        final Props persistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                new MockConfiguration(),
-                DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(true).build(), ready);
-        final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), persistentProps);
-
-        ShardManager shardManagerActor = shardManager.underlyingActor();
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-unknown",
-                RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()));
+    public void testOnRecoveryJournalIsCleaned() {
+        String persistenceID = "shard-manager-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(persistenceID, 1L, new ShardManager.SchemaContextModules(
+                ImmutableSet.of("foo")));
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(persistenceID, 2L, new ShardManager.SchemaContextModules(
+                ImmutableSet.of("bar")));
+        InMemoryJournal.addDeleteMessagesCompleteLatch(persistenceID);
 
-        // Initially will be false
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
 
-        // Send status true will make sync status true
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(true, "member-1-shard-default-unknown"));
+        InMemoryJournal.waitForDeleteMessagesComplete(persistenceID);
+
+        // Journal entries up to the last one should've been deleted
+        Map<Long, Object> journal = InMemoryJournal.get(persistenceID);
+        synchronized (journal) {
+            assertEquals("Journal size", 0, journal.size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoleChangeNotificationAndShardLeaderStateChangedReleaseReady() throws Exception {
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
 
-        assertEquals(true, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(
+                memberId, RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
 
-        // Send status false will make sync status false
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(false, "member-1-shard-default-unknown"));
+        verify(ready, never()).countDown();
 
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId,
+                Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION));
 
+        verify(ready, times(1)).countDown();
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testWhenMultipleShardsPresentSyncStatusMustBeTrueForAllShards() throws Exception{
-        final Props persistentProps = ShardManager.props(
-                new MockClusterWrapper(),
-                new MockConfiguration() {
-                    @Override
-                    public List<String> getMemberShardNames(String memberName) {
-                        return Arrays.asList("default", "astronauts");
-                    }
-                },
-                DatastoreContext.newBuilder().persistent(true).build(), ready);
-        final TestActorRef<ShardManager> shardManager =
-                TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), persistentProps);
+    public void testRoleChangeNotificationToFollowerWithShardLeaderStateChangedReleaseReady() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+            String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(
+                    memberId, null, RaftState.Follower.name()));
+
+            verify(ready, never()).countDown();
+
+            shardManager.onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.createMemberUp("member-2", getRef().path().toString()));
+
+            shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId,
+                    "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION));
+
+            verify(ready, times(1)).countDown();
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadyCountDownForMemberUpAfterLeaderStateChanged() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+            String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId, null, RaftState.Follower.name()));
+
+            verify(ready, never()).countDown();
 
-        ShardManager shardManagerActor = shardManager.underlyingActor();
+            shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId,
+                    "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION));
+
+            shardManager.onReceiveCommand(MockClusterWrapper.createMemberUp("member-2", getRef().path().toString()));
+
+            verify(ready, times(1)).countDown();
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoleChangeNotificationDoNothingForUnknownShard() throws Exception {
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(
+                "unknown", RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
+
+        verify(ready, never()).countDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testByDefaultSyncStatusIsFalse() throws Exception{
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWhenShardIsLeaderSyncStatusIsTrue() throws Exception{
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix,
+                RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
+
+        assertEquals(true, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWhenShardIsCandidateSyncStatusIsFalse() throws Exception{
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+        String shardId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(shardId,
+                RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Candidate.name()));
+
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+
+        // Send a FollowerInitialSyncStatus with status = true for the replica whose current state is candidate
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(
+                true, shardId));
+
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWhenShardIsFollowerSyncStatusDependsOnFollowerInitialSyncStatus() throws Exception{
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager();
+
+        String shardId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(shardId,
+                RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()));
 
         // Initially will be false
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+
+        // Send status true will make sync status true
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(true, shardId));
+
+        assertEquals(true, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+
+        // Send status false will make sync status false
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(false, shardId));
+
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWhenMultipleShardsPresentSyncStatusMustBeTrueForAllShards() throws Exception{
+        LOG.info("testWhenMultipleShardsPresentSyncStatusMustBeTrueForAllShards starting");
+        TestShardManager shardManager = newTestShardManager(newShardMgrProps(new MockConfiguration() {
+            @Override
+            public List<String> getMemberShardNames(String memberName) {
+                return Arrays.asList("default", "astronauts");
+            }
+        }));
+
+        // Initially will be false
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
 
         // Make default shard leader
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-default-unknown",
+        String defaultShardId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(defaultShardId,
                 RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
 
         // default = Leader, astronauts is unknown so sync status remains false
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
 
         // Make astronauts shard leader as well
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-astronauts-unknown",
+        String astronautsShardId = "member-1-shard-astronauts-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(astronautsShardId,
                 RaftState.Follower.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()));
 
         // Now sync status should be true
-        assertEquals(true, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        assertEquals(true, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
 
         // Make astronauts a Follower
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification("member-1-shard-astronauts-unknown",
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new RoleChangeNotification(astronautsShardId,
                 RaftState.Leader.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()));
 
         // Sync status is not true
-        assertEquals(false, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        assertEquals(false, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
 
         // Make the astronauts follower sync status true
-        shardManagerActor.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(true, "member-1-shard-astronauts-unknown"));
+        shardManager.onReceiveCommand(new FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus(true, astronautsShardId));
 
         // Sync status is now true
-        assertEquals(true, shardManagerActor.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+        assertEquals(true, shardManager.getMBean().getSyncStatus());
+
+        LOG.info("testWhenMultipleShardsPresentSyncStatusMustBeTrueForAllShards ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnReceiveSwitchShardBehavior() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new SwitchShardBehavior(mockShardName, "Leader", 1000), getRef());
+
+            SwitchBehavior switchBehavior = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardActor, SwitchBehavior.class);
+
+            assertEquals(RaftState.Leader, switchBehavior.getNewState());
+            assertEquals(1000, switchBehavior.getNewTerm());
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnCreateShard() {
+        LOG.info("testOnCreateShard starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            datastoreContextBuilder.shardInitializationTimeout(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES).persistent(true);
+
+            ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newShardMgrProps(
+                    new ConfigurationImpl(new EmptyModuleShardConfigProvider())));
+
+            SchemaContext schemaContext = TestModel.createTestContext();
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+            DatastoreContext datastoreContext = DatastoreContext.newBuilder().shardElectionTimeoutFactor(100).
+                    persistent(false).build();
+            Shard.Builder shardBuilder = Shard.builder();
+
+            ModuleShardConfiguration config = new ModuleShardConfiguration(URI.create("foo-ns"), "foo-module",
+                    "foo", null, Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-5", "member-6"));
+            shardManager.tell(new CreateShard(config, shardBuilder, datastoreContext), getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Success.class);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("foo", true), getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+
+            assertEquals("isRecoveryApplicable", false, shardBuilder.getDatastoreContext().isPersistent());
+            assertTrue("Epxected ShardPeerAddressResolver", shardBuilder.getDatastoreContext().getShardRaftConfig().
+                    getPeerAddressResolver() instanceof ShardPeerAddressResolver);
+            assertEquals("peerMembers", Sets.newHashSet(new ShardIdentifier("foo", "member-5", shardMrgIDSuffix).toString(),
+                    new ShardIdentifier("foo", "member-6", shardMrgIDSuffix).toString()),
+                    shardBuilder.getPeerAddresses().keySet());
+            assertEquals("ShardIdentifier", new ShardIdentifier("foo", "member-1", shardMrgIDSuffix),
+                    shardBuilder.getId());
+            assertSame("schemaContext", schemaContext, shardBuilder.getSchemaContext());
+
+            // Send CreateShard with same name - should return Success with a message.
+
+            shardManager.tell(new CreateShard(config, shardBuilder, null), getRef());
+
+            Success success = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Success.class);
+            assertNotNull("Success status is null", success.status());
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnCreateShard ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnCreateShardWithLocalMemberNotInShardConfig() {
+        LOG.info("testOnCreateShardWithLocalMemberNotInShardConfig starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            datastoreContextBuilder.shardInitializationTimeout(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES).persistent(true);
+
+            ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newShardMgrProps(
+                    new ConfigurationImpl(new EmptyModuleShardConfigProvider())));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+            Shard.Builder shardBuilder = Shard.builder();
+            ModuleShardConfiguration config = new ModuleShardConfiguration(URI.create("foo-ns"), "foo-module",
+                    "foo", null, Arrays.asList("member-5", "member-6"));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new CreateShard(config, shardBuilder, null), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Success.class);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("foo", true), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+
+            assertEquals("peerMembers size", 0, shardBuilder.getPeerAddresses().size());
+            assertEquals("schemaContext", DisableElectionsRaftPolicy.class.getName(),
+                    shardBuilder.getDatastoreContext().getShardRaftConfig().getCustomRaftPolicyImplementationClass());
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnCreateShardWithLocalMemberNotInShardConfig ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOnCreateShardWithNoInitialSchemaContext() {
+        LOG.info("testOnCreateShardWithNoInitialSchemaContext starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newShardMgrProps(
+                    new ConfigurationImpl(new EmptyModuleShardConfigProvider())));
+
+            Shard.Builder shardBuilder = Shard.builder();
+
+            ModuleShardConfiguration config = new ModuleShardConfiguration(URI.create("foo-ns"), "foo-module",
+                    "foo", null, Arrays.asList("member-1"));
+            shardManager.tell(new CreateShard(config, shardBuilder, null), getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Success.class);
+
+            SchemaContext schemaContext = TestModel.createTestContext();
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(schemaContext), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("foo", true), getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+
+            assertSame("schemaContext", schemaContext, shardBuilder.getSchemaContext());
+            assertNotNull("schemaContext is null", shardBuilder.getDatastoreContext());
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testOnCreateShardWithNoInitialSchemaContext ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetSnapshot() throws Throwable {
+        LOG.info("testGetSnapshot starting");
+        JavaTestKit kit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig = new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                   put("shard1", Arrays.asList("member-1")).
+                   put("shard2", Arrays.asList("member-1")).
+                   put("astronauts", Collections.<String>emptyList()).build());
+
+        TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(newShardMgrProps(mockConfig).
+                withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()));
+
+        shardManager.tell(GetSnapshot.INSTANCE, kit.getRef());
+        Failure failure = kit.expectMsgClass(Failure.class);
+        assertEquals("Failure cause type", IllegalStateException.class, failure.cause().getClass());
+
+        shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+        waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "shard1", kit);
+        waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "shard2", kit);
+
+        shardManager.tell(GetSnapshot.INSTANCE, kit.getRef());
+
+        DatastoreSnapshot datastoreSnapshot = expectMsgClassOrFailure(DatastoreSnapshot.class, kit, "GetSnapshot");
+
+        assertEquals("getType", shardMrgIDSuffix, datastoreSnapshot.getType());
+        assertNull("Expected null ShardManagerSnapshot", datastoreSnapshot.getShardManagerSnapshot());
+
+        Function<ShardSnapshot, String> shardNameTransformer = new Function<ShardSnapshot, String>() {
+            @Override
+            public String apply(ShardSnapshot s) {
+                return s.getName();
+            }
+        };
+
+        assertEquals("Shard names", Sets.newHashSet("shard1", "shard2"), Sets.newHashSet(
+                Lists.transform(datastoreSnapshot.getShardSnapshots(), shardNameTransformer)));
+
+        // Add a new replica
+
+        JavaTestKit mockShardLeaderKit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+
+        TestShardManager shardManagerInstance = shardManager.underlyingActor();
+        shardManagerInstance.setMessageInterceptor(newFindPrimaryInterceptor(mockShardLeaderKit.getRef()));
+
+        shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica("astronauts"), kit.getRef());
+        mockShardLeaderKit.expectMsgClass(AddServer.class);
+        mockShardLeaderKit.reply(new AddServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.OK, ""));
+        kit.expectMsgClass(Status.Success.class);
+        waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "astronauts", kit);
+
+        // Send another GetSnapshot and verify
+
+        shardManager.tell(GetSnapshot.INSTANCE, kit.getRef());
+        datastoreSnapshot = expectMsgClassOrFailure(DatastoreSnapshot.class, kit, "GetSnapshot");
+
+        assertEquals("Shard names", Sets.newHashSet("shard1", "shard2", "astronauts"), Sets.newHashSet(
+                Lists.transform(datastoreSnapshot.getShardSnapshots(), shardNameTransformer)));
+
+        byte[] snapshotBytes = datastoreSnapshot.getShardManagerSnapshot();
+        assertNotNull("Expected ShardManagerSnapshot", snapshotBytes);
+        ShardManagerSnapshot snapshot = SerializationUtils.deserialize(snapshotBytes);
+        assertEquals("Shard names", Sets.newHashSet("shard1", "shard2", "astronauts"),
+                Sets.newHashSet(snapshot.getShardList()));
+
+        LOG.info("testGetSnapshot ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRestoreFromSnapshot() throws Throwable {
+        LOG.info("testRestoreFromSnapshot starting");
+
+        JavaTestKit kit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig = new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                   put("shard1", Collections.<String>emptyList()).
+                   put("shard2", Collections.<String>emptyList()).
+                   put("astronauts", Collections.<String>emptyList()).build());
+
+
+        ShardManagerSnapshot snapshot = new ShardManagerSnapshot(Arrays.asList("shard1", "shard2", "astronauts"));
+        DatastoreSnapshot restoreFromSnapshot = new DatastoreSnapshot(shardMrgIDSuffix,
+                SerializationUtils.serialize(snapshot), Collections.<ShardSnapshot>emptyList());
+        TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig).
+                restoreFromSnapshot(restoreFromSnapshot).props().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()));
+
+        shardManager.underlyingActor().waitForRecoveryComplete();
+
+        shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+        waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "shard1", kit);
+        waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "shard2", kit);
+        waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "astronauts", kit);
+
+        shardManager.tell(GetSnapshot.INSTANCE, kit.getRef());
+
+        DatastoreSnapshot datastoreSnapshot = expectMsgClassOrFailure(DatastoreSnapshot.class, kit, "GetSnapshot");
+
+        assertEquals("getType", shardMrgIDSuffix, datastoreSnapshot.getType());
+
+        byte[] snapshotBytes = datastoreSnapshot.getShardManagerSnapshot();
+        assertNotNull("Expected ShardManagerSnapshot", snapshotBytes);
+        snapshot = SerializationUtils.deserialize(snapshotBytes);
+        assertEquals("Shard names", Sets.newHashSet("shard1", "shard2", "astronauts"),
+                Sets.newHashSet(snapshot.getShardList()));
+
+        LOG.info("testRestoreFromSnapshot ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplicaForNonExistentShardConfig() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newShardMgrProps(
+                    new ConfigurationImpl(new EmptyModuleShardConfigProvider())));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica("model-inventory"), getRef());
+            Status.Failure resp = expectMsgClass(duration("2 seconds"), Status.Failure.class);
+
+            assertEquals("Failure obtained", true,
+                          (resp.cause() instanceof IllegalArgumentException));
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplica() throws Exception {
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                   put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).
+                   put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).build());
+
+        final String shardManagerID = ShardManagerIdentifier.builder().type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
+        datastoreContextBuilder.shardManagerPersistenceId(shardManagerID);
+
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-1.
+        final ActorSystem system1 = newActorSystem("Member1");
+        Cluster.get(system1).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
+        ActorRef mockDefaultShardActor = newMockShardActor(system1, Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1");
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> newReplicaShardManager = TestActorRef.create(system1,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig).shardActor(mockDefaultShardActor).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system1)).props(), shardManagerID);
+
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-2.
+        final ActorSystem system2 = newActorSystem("Member2");
+        Cluster.get(system2).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
+
+        String name = new ShardIdentifier("astronauts", "member-2", "config").toString();
+        final TestActorRef<MockRespondActor> mockShardLeaderActor =
+                TestActorRef.create(system2, Props.create(MockRespondActor.class), name);
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> leaderShardManager = TestActorRef.create(system2,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig).shardActor(mockShardLeaderActor).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system2)).props(), shardManagerID);
+
+        new JavaTestKit(system1) {{
+
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardLeaderActor);
+
+            String memberId2 = "member-2-shard-astronauts-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            short leaderVersion = DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION - 1;
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId2, memberId2,
+                    Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), leaderVersion), mockShardLeaderActor);
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId2,
+                    RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()), mockShardLeaderActor);
+
+            newReplicaShardManager.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
+            leaderShardManager.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
+
+            //Have a dummy snapshot to be overwritten by the new data persisted.
+            String[] restoredShards = {"default", "people"};
+            ShardManagerSnapshot snapshot = new ShardManagerSnapshot(Arrays.asList(restoredShards));
+            InMemorySnapshotStore.addSnapshot(shardManagerID, snapshot);
+            Uninterruptibles.sleepUninterruptibly(2, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+            InMemorySnapshotStore.addSnapshotSavedLatch(shardManagerID);
+            InMemorySnapshotStore.addSnapshotDeletedLatch(shardManagerID);
+
+            //construct a mock response message
+            AddServerReply response = new AddServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.OK, memberId2);
+            mockShardLeaderActor.underlyingActor().updateResponse(response);
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica("astronauts"), getRef());
+            AddServer addServerMsg = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardLeaderActor,
+                AddServer.class);
+            String addServerId = "member-1-shard-astronauts-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            assertEquals("AddServer serverId", addServerId, addServerMsg.getNewServerId());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Status.Success.class);
+
+            InMemorySnapshotStore.waitForSavedSnapshot(shardManagerID, ShardManagerSnapshot.class);
+            InMemorySnapshotStore.waitForDeletedSnapshot(shardManagerID);
+            List<ShardManagerSnapshot> persistedSnapshots =
+                InMemorySnapshotStore.getSnapshots(shardManagerID, ShardManagerSnapshot.class);
+            assertEquals("Number of snapshots persisted", 1, persistedSnapshots.size());
+            ShardManagerSnapshot shardManagerSnapshot = persistedSnapshots.get(0);
+            assertEquals("Persisted local shards", Sets.newHashSet("default", "astronauts"),
+                    Sets.newHashSet(shardManagerSnapshot.getShardList()));
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplica ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplicaWithPreExistingReplicaInRemoteShardLeader() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithPreExistingReplicaInRemoteShardLeader starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                    newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor(), shardMgrID);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+
+            String leaderId = "leader-member-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            AddServerReply addServerReply = new AddServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.ALREADY_EXISTS, null);
+            ActorRef leaderShardActor = shardManager.underlyingActor().getContext().actorOf(
+                    Props.create(MockRespondActor.class, addServerReply), leaderId);
+
+            MockClusterWrapper.sendMemberUp(shardManager, "leader-member", leaderShardActor.path().toString());
+
+            String newReplicaId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            shardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(newReplicaId,
+                    RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor);
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(newReplicaId, leaderId, Optional.<DataTree>absent(),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), mockShardActor);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME), getRef());
+
+            MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(leaderShardActor, AddServer.class);
+
+            Failure resp = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure cause", AlreadyExistsException.class, resp.cause().getClass());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+
+            // Send message again to verify previous in progress state is cleared
+
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME), getRef());
+            resp = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure cause", AlreadyExistsException.class, resp.cause().getClass());
+
+            // Send message again with an AddServer timeout to verify the pre-existing shard actor isn't terminated.
+
+            shardManager.tell(newDatastoreContextFactory(datastoreContextBuilder.
+                    shardLeaderElectionTimeout(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build()), getRef());
+            leaderShardActor.tell(MockRespondActor.CLEAR_RESPONSE, ActorRef.noSender());
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithPreExistingReplicaInRemoteShardLeader ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplicaWithPreExistingLocalReplicaLeader() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithPreExistingLocalReplicaLeader starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardActor);
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell((new RoleChangeNotification(memberId, RaftState.Candidate.name(),
+                    RaftState.Leader.name())), mockShardActor);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME), getRef());
+            Failure resp = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure cause", AlreadyExistsException.class, resp.cause().getClass());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardFound.class);
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithPreExistingLocalReplicaLeader ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplicaWithAddServerReplyFailure() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithAddServerReplyFailure starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            JavaTestKit mockShardLeaderKit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+
+            MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                    new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                       put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).build());
+
+            ActorRef mockNewReplicaShardActor = newMockShardActor(getSystem(), "astronauts", "member-1");
+            final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                    newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig).shardActor(mockNewReplicaShardActor).props(), shardMgrID);
+            shardManager.underlyingActor().setMessageInterceptor(newFindPrimaryInterceptor(mockShardLeaderKit.getRef()));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+
+            JavaTestKit terminateWatcher = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+            terminateWatcher.watch(mockNewReplicaShardActor);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica("astronauts"), getRef());
+
+            AddServer addServerMsg = mockShardLeaderKit.expectMsgClass(AddServer.class);
+            assertEquals("AddServer serverId", "member-1-shard-astronauts-" + shardMrgIDSuffix,
+                    addServerMsg.getNewServerId());
+            mockShardLeaderKit.reply(new AddServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.TIMEOUT, null));
+
+            Failure failure = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure cause", TimeoutException.class, failure.cause().getClass());
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("astronauts", false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardNotFound.class);
+
+            terminateWatcher.expectTerminated(mockNewReplicaShardActor);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica("astronauts"), getRef());
+            mockShardLeaderKit.expectMsgClass(AddServer.class);
+            mockShardLeaderKit.reply(new AddServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.NO_LEADER, null));
+            failure = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure cause", NoShardLeaderException.class, failure.cause().getClass());
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithAddServerReplyFailure ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplicaWithAlreadyInProgress() throws Exception {
+        testServerChangeWhenAlreadyInProgress("astronauts", new AddShardReplica("astronauts"),
+                AddServer.class, new AddShardReplica("astronauts"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddShardReplicaWithFindPrimaryTimeout() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithFindPrimaryTimeout starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            MockConfiguration mockConfig = new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                       put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).build());
+
+            final ActorRef newReplicaShardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig).
+                    shardActor(mockShardActor).props(), shardMgrID);
+
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            MockClusterWrapper.sendMemberUp(newReplicaShardManager, "member-2", getRef().path().toString());
+
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new AddShardReplica("astronauts"), getRef());
+            Status.Failure resp = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Status.Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure obtained", true,
+                          (resp.cause() instanceof RuntimeException));
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testAddShardReplicaWithFindPrimaryTimeout ending");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveShardReplicaForNonExistentShard() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            ActorRef shardManager = actorFactory.createActor(newShardMgrProps(
+                    new ConfigurationImpl(new EmptyModuleShardConfigProvider())));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new RemoveShardReplica("model-inventory", "member-1"), getRef());
+            Status.Failure resp = expectMsgClass(duration("10 seconds"), Status.Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure obtained", true,
+                         (resp.cause() instanceof PrimaryNotFoundException));
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    /**
+     * Primary is Local
+     */
+    public void testRemoveShardReplicaLocal() throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            String memberId = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+
+            final TestActorRef<MockRespondActor> respondActor =
+                    TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), Props.create(MockRespondActor.class), memberId);
+
+            ActorRef shardManager = getSystem().actorOf(newPropsShardMgrWithMockShardActor(respondActor));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), respondActor);
+            shardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId, memberId, Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)),
+                    DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell((new RoleChangeNotification(memberId, RaftState.Candidate.name(),
+                    RaftState.Leader.name())), respondActor);
+
+            respondActor.underlyingActor().updateResponse(new RemoveServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.OK, null));
+            shardManager.tell(new RemoveShardReplica(Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1"), getRef());
+            final RemoveServer removeServer = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(respondActor, RemoveServer.class);
+            assertEquals(new ShardIdentifier("default", "member-1", shardMrgIDSuffix).toString(),
+                    removeServer.getServerId());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Success.class);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveShardReplicaRemote() throws Exception {
+        MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                        put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).
+                        put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-1")).build());
+
+        String shardManagerID = ShardManagerIdentifier.builder().type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
+
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-1.
+        final ActorSystem system1 = newActorSystem("Member1");
+        Cluster.get(system1).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
+        ActorRef mockDefaultShardActor = newMockShardActor(system1, Shard.DEFAULT_NAME, "member-1");
+
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> newReplicaShardManager = TestActorRef.create(system1,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder().configuration(mockConfig).shardActor(mockDefaultShardActor).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system1)).props(),
+                shardManagerID);
+
+        // Create an ActorSystem ShardManager actor for member-2.
+        final ActorSystem system2 = newActorSystem("Member2");
+        Cluster.get(system2).join(AddressFromURIString.parse("akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2558"));
+
+        String name = new ShardIdentifier("default", "member-2", shardMrgIDSuffix).toString();
+        final TestActorRef<MockRespondActor> mockShardLeaderActor =
+                TestActorRef.create(system2, Props.create(MockRespondActor.class), name);
+
+        LOG.error("Mock Shard Leader Actor : {}", mockShardLeaderActor);
+
+        final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> leaderShardManager = TestActorRef.create(system2,
+                newTestShardMgrBuilder().configuration(mockConfig).shardActor(mockShardLeaderActor).cluster(
+                        new ClusterWrapperImpl(system2)).props(),
+                shardManagerID);
+
+        // Because mockShardLeaderActor is created at the top level of the actor system it has an address like so,
+        //    akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2559/user/member-2-shard-default-config1
+        // However when a shard manager has a local shard which is a follower and a leader that is remote it will
+        // try to compute an address for the remote shard leader using the ShardPeerAddressResolver. This address will
+        // look like so,
+        //    akka.tcp://cluster-test@127.0.0.1:2559/user/shardmanager-config1/member-2-shard-default-config1
+        // In this specific case if we did a FindPrimary for shard default from member-1 we would come up
+        // with the address of an actor which does not exist, therefore any message sent to that actor would go to
+        // dead letters.
+        // To work around this problem we create a ForwardingActor with the right address and pass to it the
+        // mockShardLeaderActor. The ForwardingActor simply forwards all messages to the mockShardLeaderActor and every
+        // thing works as expected
+        final ActorRef actorRef = leaderShardManager.underlyingActor().context()
+                .actorOf(Props.create(ForwardingActor.class, mockShardLeaderActor), "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix);
+
+        LOG.error("Forwarding actor : {}", actorRef);
+
+        new JavaTestKit(system1) {{
+
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardLeaderActor);
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), mockShardLeaderActor);
+
+            String memberId2 = "member-2-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            short leaderVersion = DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION - 1;
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId2, memberId2,
+                    Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), leaderVersion), mockShardLeaderActor);
+            leaderShardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId2,
+                    RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Leader.name()), mockShardLeaderActor);
+
+            String memberId1 = "member-1-shard-default-" + shardMrgIDSuffix;
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new ShardLeaderStateChanged(memberId1, memberId2,
+                    Optional.of(mock(DataTree.class)), leaderVersion), mockShardActor);
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new RoleChangeNotification(memberId1,
+                    RaftState.Candidate.name(), RaftState.Follower.name()), mockShardActor);
+
+            newReplicaShardManager.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
+            leaderShardManager.underlyingActor().waitForMemberUp();
+
+            //construct a mock response message
+            RemoveServerReply response = new RemoveServerReply(ServerChangeStatus.OK, memberId2);
+            mockShardLeaderActor.underlyingActor().updateResponse(response);
+            newReplicaShardManager.tell(new RemoveShardReplica("default", "member-1"), getRef());
+            RemoveServer removeServer = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(mockShardLeaderActor,
+                    RemoveServer.class);
+            String removeServerId = new ShardIdentifier("default", "member-1", shardMrgIDSuffix).toString();
+            assertEquals("RemoveServer serverId", removeServerId, removeServer.getServerId());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Status.Success.class);
+        }};
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveShardReplicaWhenAnotherRemoveShardReplicaAlreadyInProgress() throws Exception {
+        testServerChangeWhenAlreadyInProgress("astronauts", new RemoveShardReplica("astronauts", "member-2"),
+                RemoveServer.class, new RemoveShardReplica("astronauts", "member-3"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveShardReplicaWhenAddShardReplicaAlreadyInProgress() throws Exception {
+        testServerChangeWhenAlreadyInProgress("astronauts", new AddShardReplica("astronauts"),
+                AddServer.class, new RemoveShardReplica("astronauts", "member-2"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testServerChangeWhenAlreadyInProgress(final String shardName, final Object firstServerChange,
+                                                      final Class firstForwardedServerChangeClass,
+                                                      final Object secondServerChange) throws Exception {
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            JavaTestKit mockShardLeaderKit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+            JavaTestKit secondRequestKit = new JavaTestKit(getSystem());
+
+            MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                    new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                            put(shardName, Arrays.asList("member-2")).build());
+
+            final TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newTestShardMgrBuilder().configuration(mockConfig).shardActor(mockShardActor).cluster(
+                            new MockClusterWrapper()).props(),
+                    shardMgrID);
+
+            shardManager.underlyingActor().setMessageInterceptor(newFindPrimaryInterceptor(mockShardLeaderKit.getRef()));
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+
+            shardManager.tell(firstServerChange, getRef());
+
+            mockShardLeaderKit.expectMsgClass(firstForwardedServerChangeClass);
+
+            shardManager.tell(secondServerChange, secondRequestKit.getRef());
+
+            secondRequestKit.expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Failure.class);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testServerRemovedShardActorNotRunning() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testServerRemovedShardActorNotRunning starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                    new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                            put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).
+                            put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).
+                            put("people", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).build());
+
+            TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(newShardMgrProps(mockConfig));
+
+            shardManager.underlyingActor().waitForRecoveryComplete();
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("people", false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
+
+            shardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("default", false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
+
+            // Removed the default shard replica from member-1
+            ShardIdentifier.Builder builder = new ShardIdentifier.Builder();
+            ShardIdentifier shardId = builder.shardName("default").memberName("member-1").type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build();
+            shardManager.tell(new ServerRemoved(shardId.toString()), getRef());
+
+            shardManager.underlyingActor().verifySnapshotPersisted(Sets.newHashSet("people"));
+        }};
 
+        LOG.info("testServerRemovedShardActorNotRunning ending");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testServerRemovedShardActorRunning() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testServerRemovedShardActorRunning starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                    new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                            put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).
+                            put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).
+                            put("people", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).build());
+
+            String shardId = ShardIdentifier.builder().shardName("default").memberName("member-1").
+                    type(shardMrgIDSuffix).build().toString();
+            TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> shard = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                    MessageCollectorActor.props(), shardId);
+
+            TestActorRef<TestShardManager> shardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                    newTestShardMgrBuilder(mockConfig).addShardActor("default", shard).props());
+
+            watch(shard);
+
+            shardManager.underlyingActor().waitForRecoveryComplete();
+
+            shardManager.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
+            shardManager.tell(new ActorInitialized(), shard);
+
+            waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "people", this);
+            waitForShardInitialized(shardManager, "default", this);
+
+            // Removed the default shard replica from member-1
+            shardManager.tell(new ServerRemoved(shardId), getRef());
+
+            shardManager.underlyingActor().verifySnapshotPersisted(Sets.newHashSet("people"));
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), Terminated.class);
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testServerRemovedShardActorRunning ending");
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testShardPersistenceWithRestoredData() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("testShardPersistenceWithRestoredData starting");
+        new JavaTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            MockConfiguration mockConfig =
+                new MockConfiguration(ImmutableMap.<String, List<String>>builder().
+                   put("default", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).
+                   put("astronauts", Arrays.asList("member-2")).
+                   put("people", Arrays.asList("member-1", "member-2")).build());
+            String[] restoredShards = {"default", "astronauts"};
+            ShardManagerSnapshot snapshot = new ShardManagerSnapshot(Arrays.asList(restoredShards));
+            InMemorySnapshotStore.addSnapshot("shard-manager-" + shardMrgIDSuffix, snapshot);
+
+            //create shardManager to come up with restored data
+            TestActorRef<TestShardManager> newRestoredShardManager = actorFactory.createTestActor(
+                    newShardMgrProps(mockConfig));
+
+            newRestoredShardManager.underlyingActor().waitForRecoveryComplete();
+
+            newRestoredShardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("people", false), getRef());
+            LocalShardNotFound notFound = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), LocalShardNotFound.class);
+            assertEquals("for uninitialized shard", "people", notFound.getShardName());
+
+            //Verify a local shard is created for the restored shards,
+            //although we expect a NotInitializedException for the shards as the actor initialization
+            //message is not sent for them
+            newRestoredShardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("default", false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
+
+            newRestoredShardManager.tell(new FindLocalShard("astronauts", false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), NotInitializedException.class);
+        }};
+
+        LOG.info("testShardPersistenceWithRestoredData ending");
+    }
+
+
     private static class TestShardManager extends ShardManager {
         private final CountDownLatch recoveryComplete = new CountDownLatch(1);
-
-        TestShardManager(String shardMrgIDSuffix) {
-            super(new MockClusterWrapper(), new MockConfiguration(),
-                    DatastoreContext.newBuilder().dataStoreType(shardMrgIDSuffix).build(), ready);
+        private final CountDownLatch snapshotPersist = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private ShardManagerSnapshot snapshot;
+        private final Map<String, ActorRef> shardActors;
+        private final ActorRef shardActor;
+        private CountDownLatch findPrimaryMessageReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private CountDownLatch memberUpReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private CountDownLatch memberRemovedReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private CountDownLatch memberUnreachableReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private CountDownLatch memberReachableReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        private volatile MessageInterceptor messageInterceptor;
+
+        private TestShardManager(Builder builder) {
+            super(builder);
+            shardActor = builder.shardActor;
+            shardActors = builder.shardActors;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -770,25 +1942,153 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
             }
         }
 
+        @Override
+        public void handleCommand(Object message) throws Exception {
+            try{
+                if(messageInterceptor != null && messageInterceptor.canIntercept(message)) {
+                    getSender().tell(messageInterceptor.apply(message), getSelf());
+                } else {
+                    super.handleCommand(message);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if(message instanceof FindPrimary) {
+                    findPrimaryMessageReceived.countDown();
+                } else if(message instanceof ClusterEvent.MemberUp) {
+                    String role = ((ClusterEvent.MemberUp)message).member().roles().head();
+                    if(!getCluster().getCurrentMemberName().equals(role)) {
+                        memberUpReceived.countDown();
+                    }
+                } else if(message instanceof ClusterEvent.MemberRemoved) {
+                    String role = ((ClusterEvent.MemberRemoved)message).member().roles().head();
+                    if(!getCluster().getCurrentMemberName().equals(role)) {
+                        memberRemovedReceived.countDown();
+                    }
+                } else if(message instanceof ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember) {
+                    String role = ((ClusterEvent.UnreachableMember)message).member().roles().head();
+                    if(!getCluster().getCurrentMemberName().equals(role)) {
+                        memberUnreachableReceived.countDown();
+                    }
+                } else if(message instanceof ClusterEvent.ReachableMember) {
+                    String role = ((ClusterEvent.ReachableMember)message).member().roles().head();
+                    if(!getCluster().getCurrentMemberName().equals(role)) {
+                        memberReachableReceived.countDown();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void setMessageInterceptor(MessageInterceptor messageInterceptor) {
+            this.messageInterceptor = messageInterceptor;
+        }
+
         void waitForRecoveryComplete() {
             assertEquals("Recovery complete", true,
                     Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(recoveryComplete, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
         }
+
+        void waitForMemberUp() {
+            assertEquals("MemberUp received", true,
+                    Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(memberUpReceived, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            memberUpReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        }
+
+        void waitForMemberRemoved() {
+            assertEquals("MemberRemoved received", true,
+                    Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(memberRemovedReceived, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            memberRemovedReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        }
+
+        void waitForUnreachableMember() {
+            assertEquals("UnreachableMember received", true,
+                Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(memberUnreachableReceived, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS
+                ));
+            memberUnreachableReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        }
+
+        void waitForReachableMember() {
+            assertEquals("ReachableMember received", true,
+                Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(memberReachableReceived, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            memberReachableReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        }
+
+        void verifyFindPrimary() {
+            assertEquals("FindPrimary received", true,
+                    Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(findPrimaryMessageReceived, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            findPrimaryMessageReceived = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        }
+
+        public static Builder builder(DatastoreContext.Builder datastoreContextBuilder) {
+            return new Builder(datastoreContextBuilder);
+        }
+
+        private static class Builder extends AbstractGenericBuilder<Builder, TestShardManager> {
+            private ActorRef shardActor;
+            private final Map<String, ActorRef> shardActors = new HashMap<>();
+
+            Builder(DatastoreContext.Builder datastoreContextBuilder) {
+                super(TestShardManager.class);
+                datastoreContextFactory(newDatastoreContextFactory(datastoreContextBuilder.build()));
+            }
+
+            Builder shardActor(ActorRef shardActor) {
+                this.shardActor = shardActor;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            Builder addShardActor(String shardName, ActorRef actorRef){
+                shardActors.put(shardName, actorRef);
+                return this;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void saveSnapshot(Object obj) {
+            snapshot = (ShardManagerSnapshot) obj;
+            snapshotPersist.countDown();
+            super.saveSnapshot(obj);
+        }
+
+        void verifySnapshotPersisted(Set<String> shardList) {
+            assertEquals("saveSnapshot invoked", true,
+                    Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(snapshotPersist, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            assertEquals("Shard Persisted", shardList, Sets.newHashSet(snapshot.getShardList()));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ActorRef newShardActor(SchemaContext schemaContext, ShardInformation info) {
+            if(shardActors.get(info.getShardName()) != null){
+                return shardActors.get(info.getShardName());
+            }
+
+            if(shardActor != null) {
+                return shardActor;
+            }
+
+            return super.newShardActor(schemaContext, info);
+        }
     }
 
-    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
-    static class TestShardManagerCreator implements Creator<TestShardManager> {
-        String shardMrgIDSuffix;
+    private static abstract class AbstractGenericBuilder<T extends AbstractGenericBuilder<T, ?>, C extends ShardManager>
+                                                     extends ShardManager.AbstractBuilder<T> {
+        private final Class<C> shardManagerClass;
 
-        TestShardManagerCreator(String shardMrgIDSuffix) {
-            this.shardMrgIDSuffix = shardMrgIDSuffix;
+        AbstractGenericBuilder(Class<C> shardManagerClass) {
+            this.shardManagerClass = shardManagerClass;
+            cluster(new MockClusterWrapper()).configuration(new MockConfiguration()).
+                    waitTillReadyCountdownLatch(ready).primaryShardInfoCache(new PrimaryShardInfoFutureCache());
         }
 
         @Override
-        public TestShardManager create() throws Exception {
-            return new TestShardManager(shardMrgIDSuffix);
+        public Props props() {
+            verify();
+            return Props.create(shardManagerClass, this);
         }
+    }
 
+    private static class GenericBuilder<C extends ShardManager> extends AbstractGenericBuilder<GenericBuilder<C>, C> {
+        GenericBuilder(Class<C> shardManagerClass) {
+            super(shardManagerClass);
+        }
     }
 
     private static class DelegatingShardManagerCreator implements Creator<ShardManager> {
@@ -804,4 +2104,57 @@ public class ShardManagerTest extends AbstractActorTest {
             return delegate.create();
         }
     }
+
+    interface MessageInterceptor extends Function<Object, Object> {
+        boolean canIntercept(Object message);
+    }
+
+    private MessageInterceptor newFindPrimaryInterceptor(final ActorRef primaryActor) {
+        return new MessageInterceptor(){
+            @Override
+            public Object apply(Object message) {
+                return new RemotePrimaryShardFound(Serialization.serializedActorPath(primaryActor), (short) 1);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean canIntercept(Object message) {
+                return message instanceof FindPrimary;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static class MockRespondActor extends MessageCollectorActor {
+        static final String CLEAR_RESPONSE = "clear-response";
+        static final org.slf4j.Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MockRespondActor.class);
+
+        private volatile Object responseMsg;
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        public MockRespondActor() {
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        public MockRespondActor(Object responseMsg) {
+            this.responseMsg = responseMsg;
+        }
+
+        public void updateResponse(Object response) {
+            responseMsg = response;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Object message) throws Exception {
+            if(!"get-all-messages".equals(message)) {
+                LOG.debug("Received message : {}", message);
+            }
+            super.onReceive(message);
+            if (message instanceof AddServer && responseMsg != null) {
+                getSender().tell(responseMsg, getSelf());
+            } else if(message instanceof RemoveServer && responseMsg != null){
+                getSender().tell(responseMsg, getSelf());
+            } else if(message.equals(CLEAR_RESPONSE)) {
+                responseMsg = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }