BUG 2817 : Handle ServerRemoved message in Shard/ShardManager
[controller.git] / opendaylight / md-sal / sal-distributed-datastore / src / test / java / org / opendaylight / controller / cluster / datastore / ShardTest.java
index 1ecf0971c10d3f0a429f3c56ea36d84eaa44befc..f097c19e512a3766a3d836c5cc7e061862b29666 100644 (file)
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, 2015 Cisco Systems, Inc. and others.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 which accompanies this distribution,
+ * and is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ */
+
 package org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
@@ -10,11 +18,13 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION;
 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
 import akka.actor.ActorSelection;
 import akka.actor.PoisonPill;
 import akka.actor.Props;
+import akka.actor.Status.Failure;
 import akka.dispatch.Dispatchers;
 import akka.dispatch.OnComplete;
 import akka.japi.Creator;
@@ -30,7 +40,6 @@ import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Uninterruptibles;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -41,6 +50,7 @@ import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.DataPersistenceProvider;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.DelegatingPersistentDataProvider;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.identifiers.ShardIdentifier;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.jmx.mbeans.shard.ShardStats;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.AbortTransaction;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.AbortTransactionReply;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.BatchedModifications;
@@ -54,6 +64,7 @@ import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ForwardedReadyTran
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.PeerAddressResolved;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ReadData;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ReadDataReply;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ReadyLocalTransaction;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.ReadyTransactionReply;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.RegisterChangeListener;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.datastore.messages.RegisterChangeListenerReply;
@@ -77,13 +88,13 @@ import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.ReplicatedLogEntry;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.ReplicatedLogImplEntry;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.Snapshot;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.ApplyJournalEntries;
-import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.ApplySnapshot;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.ApplyState;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.ElectionTimeout;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.base.messages.FollowerInitialSyncUpStatus;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.client.messages.FindLeader;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.client.messages.FindLeaderReply;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.RequestVote;
+import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.messages.ServerRemoved;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.utils.InMemoryJournal;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.utils.InMemorySnapshotStore;
 import org.opendaylight.controller.cluster.raft.utils.MessageCollectorActor;
@@ -99,6 +110,7 @@ import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.YangInstanceIdentifier.PathArgum
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.ContainerNode;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.DataContainerChild;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.MapEntryNode;
+import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.MapNode;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.NormalizedNode;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.DataTree;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.DataTreeCandidate;
@@ -108,9 +120,10 @@ import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.DataTreeCandidates;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.DataTreeModification;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.DataValidationFailedException;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.ModificationType;
+import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.api.schema.tree.TreeType;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.impl.schema.ImmutableNodes;
+import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.impl.schema.builder.impl.ImmutableContainerNodeBuilder;
 import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.data.impl.schema.tree.InMemoryDataTreeFactory;
-import org.opendaylight.yangtools.yang.model.api.SchemaContext;
 import scala.concurrent.Await;
 import scala.concurrent.Future;
 import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration;
@@ -118,30 +131,32 @@ import scala.concurrent.duration.FiniteDuration;
 public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     private static final QName CARS_QNAME = QName.create("urn:opendaylight:params:xml:ns:yang:controller:md:sal:dom:store:test:cars", "2014-03-13", "cars");
 
+    private static final String DUMMY_DATA = "Dummy data as snapshot sequence number is set to 0 in InMemorySnapshotStore and journal recovery seq number will start from 1";
+
     @Test
     public void testRegisterChangeListener() throws Exception {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     newShardProps(),  "testRegisterChangeListener");
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             shard.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(SchemaContextHelper.full()), ActorRef.noSender());
 
-            MockDataChangeListener listener = new MockDataChangeListener(1);
-            ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataChangeListener.props(listener),
+            final MockDataChangeListener listener = new MockDataChangeListener(1);
+            final ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataChangeListener.props(listener),
                     "testRegisterChangeListener-DataChangeListener");
 
             shard.tell(new RegisterChangeListener(TestModel.TEST_PATH,
-                    dclActor, AsyncDataBroker.DataChangeScope.BASE), getRef());
+                    dclActor, AsyncDataBroker.DataChangeScope.BASE, true), getRef());
 
-            RegisterChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
+            final RegisterChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
                     RegisterChangeListenerReply.class);
-            String replyPath = reply.getListenerRegistrationPath().toString();
+            final String replyPath = reply.getListenerRegistrationPath().toString();
             assertTrue("Incorrect reply path: " + replyPath, replyPath.matches(
                     "akka:\\/\\/test\\/user\\/testRegisterChangeListener\\/\\$.*"));
 
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
             writeToStore(shard, path, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
 
             listener.waitForChangeEvents(path);
@@ -166,7 +181,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // ElectionTimeout with the sending of the RegisterChangeListener message.
             final CountDownLatch onFirstElectionTimeout = new CountDownLatch(1);
             final CountDownLatch onChangeListenerRegistered = new CountDownLatch(1);
-            Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+            final Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
                 boolean firstElectionTimeout = true;
 
                 @Override
@@ -175,8 +190,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                     // this will cause all other messages to not be queued properly after that.
                     // The basic issue is that you cannot use TestActorRef with a persistent actor (at least when
                     // it does do a persist)
-                    return new Shard(shardID, Collections.<String,String>emptyMap(),
-                            dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false).build(), SCHEMA_CONTEXT) {
+                    return new Shard(newShardBuilder()) {
                         @Override
                         public void onReceiveCommand(final Object message) throws Exception {
                             if(message instanceof ElectionTimeout && firstElectionTimeout) {
@@ -208,16 +222,16 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 }
             };
 
-            MockDataChangeListener listener = new MockDataChangeListener(1);
-            ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataChangeListener.props(listener),
+            final MockDataChangeListener listener = new MockDataChangeListener(1);
+            final ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataChangeListener.props(listener),
                     "testRegisterChangeListenerWhenNotLeaderInitially-DataChangeListener");
 
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
-                    Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)).withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
                     "testRegisterChangeListenerWhenNotLeaderInitially");
 
             // Write initial data into the in-memory store.
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
             writeToStore(shard, path, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
 
             // Wait until the shard receives the first ElectionTimeout message.
@@ -226,15 +240,15 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             // Now send the RegisterChangeListener and wait for the reply.
             shard.tell(new RegisterChangeListener(path, dclActor,
-                    AsyncDataBroker.DataChangeScope.SUBTREE), getRef());
+                    AsyncDataBroker.DataChangeScope.SUBTREE, false), getRef());
 
-            RegisterChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
+            final RegisterChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
                     RegisterChangeListenerReply.class);
             assertNotNull("getListenerRegistrationPath", reply.getListenerRegistrationPath());
 
             // Sanity check - verify the shard is not the leader yet.
             shard.tell(new FindLeader(), getRef());
-            FindLeaderReply findLeadeReply =
+            final FindLeaderReply findLeadeReply =
                     expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), FindLeaderReply.class);
             assertNull("Expected the shard not to be the leader", findLeadeReply.getLeaderActor());
 
@@ -254,26 +268,26 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     @Test
     public void testRegisterDataTreeChangeListener() throws Exception {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     newShardProps(), "testRegisterDataTreeChangeListener");
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             shard.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(SchemaContextHelper.full()), ActorRef.noSender());
 
-            MockDataTreeChangeListener listener = new MockDataTreeChangeListener(1);
-            ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataTreeChangeListenerActor.props(listener),
+            final MockDataTreeChangeListener listener = new MockDataTreeChangeListener(1);
+            final ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataTreeChangeListenerActor.props(listener),
                     "testRegisterDataTreeChangeListener-DataTreeChangeListener");
 
             shard.tell(new RegisterDataTreeChangeListener(TestModel.TEST_PATH, dclActor), getRef());
 
-            RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
+            final RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
                     RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply.class);
-            String replyPath = reply.getListenerRegistrationPath().toString();
+            final String replyPath = reply.getListenerRegistrationPath().toString();
             assertTrue("Incorrect reply path: " + replyPath, replyPath.matches(
                     "akka:\\/\\/test\\/user\\/testRegisterDataTreeChangeListener\\/\\$.*"));
 
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
             writeToStore(shard, path, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
 
             listener.waitForChangeEvents();
@@ -289,13 +303,13 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
             final CountDownLatch onFirstElectionTimeout = new CountDownLatch(1);
             final CountDownLatch onChangeListenerRegistered = new CountDownLatch(1);
-            Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+            final Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
                 boolean firstElectionTimeout = true;
 
                 @Override
                 public Shard create() throws Exception {
-                    return new Shard(shardID, Collections.<String,String>emptyMap(),
-                            dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false).build(), SCHEMA_CONTEXT) {
+                    return new Shard(Shard.builder().id(shardID).datastoreContext(
+                            dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false).build()).schemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT)) {
                         @Override
                         public void onReceiveCommand(final Object message) throws Exception {
                             if(message instanceof ElectionTimeout && firstElectionTimeout) {
@@ -319,27 +333,27 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 }
             };
 
-            MockDataTreeChangeListener listener = new MockDataTreeChangeListener(1);
-            ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataTreeChangeListenerActor.props(listener),
+            final MockDataTreeChangeListener listener = new MockDataTreeChangeListener(1);
+            final ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataTreeChangeListenerActor.props(listener),
                     "testDataTreeChangeListenerNotifiedWhenNotTheLeaderOnRegistration-DataChangeListener");
 
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
-                    Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)).withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
                     "testDataTreeChangeListenerNotifiedWhenNotTheLeaderOnRegistration");
 
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
             writeToStore(shard, path, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
 
             assertEquals("Got first ElectionTimeout", true,
-                    onFirstElectionTimeout.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+                onFirstElectionTimeout.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
             shard.tell(new RegisterDataTreeChangeListener(path, dclActor), getRef());
-            RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
-                    RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply.class);
+            final RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
+                RegisterDataTreeChangeListenerReply.class);
             assertNotNull("getListenerRegistratioznPath", reply.getListenerRegistrationPath());
 
             shard.tell(new FindLeader(), getRef());
-            FindLeaderReply findLeadeReply =
+            final FindLeaderReply findLeadeReply =
                     expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), FindLeaderReply.class);
             assertNull("Expected the shard not to be the leader", findLeadeReply.getLeaderActor());
 
@@ -358,19 +372,19 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     @Test
     public void testCreateTransaction(){
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            ActorRef shard = getSystem().actorOf(newShardProps(), "testCreateTransaction");
+            final ActorRef shard = getSystem().actorOf(newShardProps(), "testCreateTransaction");
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             shard.tell(new UpdateSchemaContext(TestModel.createTestContext()), getRef());
 
             shard.tell(new CreateTransaction("txn-1",
-                    TransactionProxy.TransactionType.READ_ONLY.ordinal() ).toSerializable(), getRef());
+                    TransactionType.READ_ONLY.ordinal() ).toSerializable(), getRef());
 
-            CreateTransactionReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
+            final CreateTransactionReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
                     CreateTransactionReply.class);
 
-            String path = reply.getTransactionActorPath().toString();
+            final String path = reply.getTransactionActorPath().toString();
             assertTrue("Unexpected transaction path " + path,
                     path.contains("akka://test/user/testCreateTransaction/shard-txn-1"));
 
@@ -386,13 +400,13 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             shard.tell(new CreateTransaction("txn-1",
-                    TransactionProxy.TransactionType.READ_ONLY.ordinal() , "foobar").toSerializable(),
+                    TransactionType.READ_ONLY.ordinal() , "foobar").toSerializable(),
                     getRef());
 
-            CreateTransactionReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
+            final CreateTransactionReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"),
                     CreateTransactionReply.class);
 
-            String path = reply.getTransactionActorPath().toString();
+            final String path = reply.getTransactionActorPath().toString();
             assertTrue("Unexpected transaction path " + path,
                     path.contains("akka://test/user/testCreateTransactionOnChain/shard-txn-1"));
 
@@ -407,12 +421,13 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             final CountDownLatch recoveryComplete = new CountDownLatch(1);
             class TestShard extends Shard {
                 TestShard() {
-                    super(shardID, Collections.<String, String>singletonMap(shardID.toString(), null),
-                            newDatastoreContext(), SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
+                    super(Shard.builder().id(shardID).datastoreContext(newDatastoreContext()).
+                            peerAddresses(Collections.<String, String>singletonMap(shardID.toString(), null)).
+                            schemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT));
                 }
 
-                Map<String, String> getPeerAddresses() {
-                    return getRaftActorContext().getPeerAddresses();
+                String getPeerAddress(String id) {
+                    return getRaftActorContext().getPeerAddress(id);
                 }
 
                 @Override
@@ -433,15 +448,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                         }
                     })), "testPeerAddressResolved");
 
-            //waitUntilLeader(shard);
             assertEquals("Recovery complete", true,
-                    Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(recoveryComplete, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+                Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(recoveryComplete, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
-            String address = "akka://foobar";
+            final String address = "akka://foobar";
             shard.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(new PeerAddressResolved(shardID.toString(), address));
 
-            assertEquals("getPeerAddresses", address,
-                    ((TestShard)shard.underlyingActor()).getPeerAddresses().get(shardID.toString()));
+            assertEquals("getPeerAddress", address,
+                ((TestShard) shard.underlyingActor()).getPeerAddress(shardID.toString()));
 
             shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
         }};
@@ -449,24 +463,33 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
     @Test
     public void testApplySnapshot() throws Exception {
-        TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(),
+
+        ShardTestKit testkit = new ShardTestKit(getSystem());
+
+        final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(),
                 "testApplySnapshot");
 
-        DataTree store = InMemoryDataTreeFactory.getInstance().create();
+        testkit.waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+        final DataTree store = InMemoryDataTreeFactory.getInstance().create(TreeType.OPERATIONAL);
         store.setSchemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
 
-        writeToStore(store, TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
+        final ContainerNode container = ImmutableContainerNodeBuilder.create().withNodeIdentifier(
+                new YangInstanceIdentifier.NodeIdentifier(TestModel.TEST_QNAME)).
+                    withChild(ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).addChild(
+                        ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1)).build()).build();
+
+        writeToStore(store, TestModel.TEST_PATH, container);
 
-        YangInstanceIdentifier root = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build();
-        NormalizedNode<?,?> expected = readStore(store, root);
+        final YangInstanceIdentifier root = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build();
+        final NormalizedNode<?,?> expected = readStore(store, root);
 
-        ApplySnapshot applySnapshot = new ApplySnapshot(Snapshot.create(
-                SerializationUtils.serializeNormalizedNode(expected),
-                Collections.<ReplicatedLogEntry>emptyList(), 1, 2, 3, 4));
+        final Snapshot snapshot = Snapshot.create(SerializationUtils.serializeNormalizedNode(expected),
+                Collections.<ReplicatedLogEntry>emptyList(), 1, 2, 3, 4);
 
-        shard.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(applySnapshot);
+        shard.underlyingActor().getRaftActorSnapshotCohort().applySnapshot(snapshot.getState());
 
-        NormalizedNode<?,?> actual = readStore(shard, root);
+        final NormalizedNode<?,?> actual = readStore(shard, root);
 
         assertEquals("Root node", expected, actual);
 
@@ -476,16 +499,20 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     @Test
     public void testApplyState() throws Exception {
 
-        TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(), "testApplyState");
+        ShardTestKit testkit = new ShardTestKit(getSystem());
 
-        NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+        final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(), "testApplyState");
 
-        ApplyState applyState = new ApplyState(null, "test", new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(1, 2,
+        testkit.waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+        final NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+
+        final ApplyState applyState = new ApplyState(null, "test", new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(1, 2,
                 newModificationPayload(new WriteModification(TestModel.TEST_PATH, node))));
 
         shard.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(applyState);
 
-        NormalizedNode<?,?> actual = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
+        final NormalizedNode<?,?> actual = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
         assertEquals("Applied state", node, actual);
 
         shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
@@ -494,37 +521,41 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     @Test
     public void testApplyStateWithCandidatePayload() throws Exception {
 
-        TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(), "testApplyState");
+        ShardTestKit testkit = new ShardTestKit(getSystem());
+
+        final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(), "testApplyState");
 
-        NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
-        DataTreeCandidate candidate = DataTreeCandidates.fromNormalizedNode(TestModel.TEST_PATH, node);
+        testkit.waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-        ApplyState applyState = new ApplyState(null, "test", new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(1, 2,
+        final NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+        final DataTreeCandidate candidate = DataTreeCandidates.fromNormalizedNode(TestModel.TEST_PATH, node);
+
+        final ApplyState applyState = new ApplyState(null, "test", new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(1, 2,
                 DataTreeCandidatePayload.create(candidate)));
 
         shard.underlyingActor().onReceiveCommand(applyState);
 
-        NormalizedNode<?,?> actual = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
+        final NormalizedNode<?,?> actual = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
         assertEquals("Applied state", node, actual);
 
         shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
     }
 
     DataTree setupInMemorySnapshotStore() throws DataValidationFailedException {
-        DataTree testStore = InMemoryDataTreeFactory.getInstance().create();
+        final DataTree testStore = InMemoryDataTreeFactory.getInstance().create(TreeType.OPERATIONAL);
         testStore.setSchemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
 
         writeToStore(testStore, TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
 
-        NormalizedNode<?, ?> root = readStore(testStore, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
+        final NormalizedNode<?, ?> root = readStore(testStore, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
 
         InMemorySnapshotStore.addSnapshot(shardID.toString(), Snapshot.create(
-                SerializationUtils.serializeNormalizedNode(root),
-                Collections.<ReplicatedLogEntry>emptyList(), 0, 1, -1, -1));
+            SerializationUtils.serializeNormalizedNode(root),
+            Collections.<ReplicatedLogEntry>emptyList(), 0, 1, -1, -1));
         return testStore;
     }
 
-    private static DataTreeCandidatePayload payloadForModification(DataTree source, DataTreeModification mod) throws DataValidationFailedException {
+    private static DataTreeCandidatePayload payloadForModification(final DataTree source, final DataTreeModification mod) throws DataValidationFailedException {
         source.validate(mod);
         final DataTreeCandidate candidate = source.prepare(mod);
         source.commit(candidate);
@@ -538,29 +569,31 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
         final DataTreeModification writeMod = source.takeSnapshot().newModification();
         writeMod.write(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build());
+        writeMod.ready();
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), 0, DUMMY_DATA);
 
         // Set up the InMemoryJournal.
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), 0, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(0, 1, payloadForModification(source, writeMod)));
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), 1, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(0, 1, payloadForModification(source, writeMod)));
 
-        int nListEntries = 16;
-        Set<Integer> listEntryKeys = new HashSet<>();
+        final int nListEntries = 16;
+        final Set<Integer> listEntryKeys = new HashSet<>();
 
         // Add some ModificationPayload entries
         for (int i = 1; i <= nListEntries; i++) {
             listEntryKeys.add(Integer.valueOf(i));
 
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
                     .nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, i).build();
 
             final DataTreeModification mod = source.takeSnapshot().newModification();
             mod.merge(path, ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, i));
-
-            InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), i, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(i, 1,
+            mod.ready();
+            InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), i+1, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(i, 1,
                 payloadForModification(source, mod)));
         }
 
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), nListEntries + 1,
-                new ApplyJournalEntries(nListEntries));
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), nListEntries + 2,
+            new ApplyJournalEntries(nListEntries));
 
         testRecovery(listEntryKeys);
     }
@@ -573,33 +606,35 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
         // Set up the InMemoryJournal.
 
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), 0, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(0, 1, newModificationPayload(
-                  new WriteModification(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
-                          ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build()))));
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), 0, DUMMY_DATA);
 
-        int nListEntries = 16;
-        Set<Integer> listEntryKeys = new HashSet<>();
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), 1, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(0, 1, newModificationPayload(
+            new WriteModification(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
+                ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build()))));
+
+        final int nListEntries = 16;
+        final Set<Integer> listEntryKeys = new HashSet<>();
 
         // Add some ModificationPayload entries
         for(int i = 1; i <= nListEntries; i++) {
             listEntryKeys.add(Integer.valueOf(i));
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
                     .nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, i).build();
-            Modification mod = new MergeModification(path,
+            final Modification mod = new MergeModification(path,
                     ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, i));
-            InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), i, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(i, 1,
+            InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), i + 1, new ReplicatedLogImplEntry(i, 1,
                     newModificationPayload(mod)));
         }
 
-        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), nListEntries + 1,
+        InMemoryJournal.addEntry(shardID.toString(), nListEntries + 2,
                 new ApplyJournalEntries(nListEntries));
 
         testRecovery(listEntryKeys);
     }
 
     private static ModificationPayload newModificationPayload(final Modification... mods) throws IOException {
-        MutableCompositeModification compMod = new MutableCompositeModification();
-        for(Modification mod: mods) {
+        final MutableCompositeModification compMod = new MutableCompositeModification();
+        for(final Modification mod: mods) {
             compMod.addModification(mod);
         }
 
@@ -617,29 +652,29 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
          // Setup 3 simulated transactions with mock cohorts backed by real cohorts.
 
-            ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
                     TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification1);
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort2", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort2", dataStore,
                     TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
                     ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build(),
                     modification2);
 
-            String transactionID3 = "tx3";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification3 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort3 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID3 = "tx3";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification3 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort3 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
                     YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
                         .nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1).build(),
                     ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1),
                     modification3);
 
-            long timeoutSec = 5;
+            final long timeoutSec = 5;
             final FiniteDuration duration = FiniteDuration.create(timeoutSec, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
             final Timeout timeout = new Timeout(duration);
 
@@ -648,14 +683,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID1, CURRENT_VERSION,
                     cohort1, modification1, true, false), getRef());
-            ReadyTransactionReply readyReply = ReadyTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final ReadyTransactionReply readyReply = ReadyTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class));
             assertEquals("Cohort path", shard.path().toString(), readyReply.getCohortPath());
 
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the first Tx.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
@@ -672,10 +707,10 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the next 2 Tx's. These should get queued and
             // processed after the first Tx completes.
 
-            Future<Object> canCommitFuture1 = Patterns.ask(shard,
+            final Future<Object> canCommitFuture1 = Patterns.ask(shard,
                     new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), timeout);
 
-            Future<Object> canCommitFuture2 = Patterns.ask(shard,
+            final Future<Object> canCommitFuture2 = Patterns.ask(shard,
                     new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID3).toSerializable(), timeout);
 
             // Send the CommitTransaction message for the first Tx. After it completes, it should
@@ -704,7 +739,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                         try {
                             assertEquals("Commit response type", expRespType, resp.getClass());
                             onSuccess(resp);
-                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                        } catch (final Exception e) {
                             caughtEx.set(e);
                         }
                     }
@@ -736,11 +771,11 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
                 @Override
                 void onSuccess(final Object resp) throws Exception {
-                    CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply =
+                    final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply =
                             CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(resp);
                     assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
-                    Future<Object> commitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
+                    final Future<Object> commitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
                             new CommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), timeout);
                     commitFuture.onComplete(new OnCommitFutureComplete(), getSystem().dispatcher());
                 }
@@ -752,7 +787,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             canCommitFuture2.onComplete(new OnCanCommitFutureComplete(transactionID3),
                     getSystem().dispatcher());
 
-            boolean done = commitLatch.await(timeoutSec, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            final boolean done = commitLatch.await(timeoutSec, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
             if(caughtEx.get() != null) {
                 throw caughtEx.get();
@@ -760,7 +795,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             assertEquals("Commits complete", true, done);
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2, cohort3);
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2, cohort3);
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).commit();
@@ -781,17 +816,19 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         }};
     }
 
-    private static BatchedModifications newBatchedModifications(String transactionID, YangInstanceIdentifier path,
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> data, boolean ready, boolean doCommitOnReady) {
-        return newBatchedModifications(transactionID, null, path, data, ready, doCommitOnReady);
+    private static BatchedModifications newBatchedModifications(final String transactionID, final YangInstanceIdentifier path,
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> data, final boolean ready, final boolean doCommitOnReady, final int messagesSent) {
+        return newBatchedModifications(transactionID, null, path, data, ready, doCommitOnReady, messagesSent);
     }
 
-    private static BatchedModifications newBatchedModifications(String transactionID, String transactionChainID,
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path, NormalizedNode<?, ?> data, boolean ready, boolean doCommitOnReady) {
-        BatchedModifications batched = new BatchedModifications(transactionID, CURRENT_VERSION, transactionChainID);
+    private static BatchedModifications newBatchedModifications(final String transactionID, final String transactionChainID,
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path, final NormalizedNode<?, ?> data, final boolean ready, final boolean doCommitOnReady,
+            final int messagesSent) {
+        final BatchedModifications batched = new BatchedModifications(transactionID, CURRENT_VERSION, transactionChainID);
         batched.addModification(new WriteModification(path, data));
         batched.setReady(ready);
         batched.setDoCommitOnReady(doCommitOnReady);
+        batched.setTotalMessagesSent(messagesSent);
         return batched;
     }
 
@@ -805,12 +842,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             final String transactionID = "tx";
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
             final AtomicReference<ShardDataTreeCohort> mockCohort = new AtomicReference<>();
-            ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator cohortDecorator = new ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator() {
+            final ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator cohortDecorator = new ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator() {
                 @Override
-                public ShardDataTreeCohort decorate(String txID, ShardDataTreeCohort actual) {
+                public ShardDataTreeCohort decorate(final String txID, final ShardDataTreeCohort actual) {
                     if(mockCohort.get() == null) {
                         mockCohort.set(createDelegatingMockCohort("cohort", actual));
                     }
@@ -824,24 +861,24 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Send a BatchedModifications to start a transaction.
 
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID, TestModel.TEST_PATH,
-                    ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), false, false), getRef());
+                    ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), false, false, 1), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, BatchedModificationsReply.class);
 
             // Send a couple more BatchedModifications.
 
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
-                    ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build(), false, false), getRef());
+                    ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build(), false, false, 2), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, BatchedModificationsReply.class);
 
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(
                     TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH).nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1).build(),
-                    ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1), true, false), getRef());
+                    ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1), true, false, 3), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
@@ -850,7 +887,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockCohort.get());
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockCohort.get());
             inOrder.verify(mockCohort.get()).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(mockCohort.get()).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(mockCohort.get()).commit();
@@ -873,12 +910,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             final String transactionID = "tx";
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
             final AtomicReference<ShardDataTreeCohort> mockCohort = new AtomicReference<>();
-            ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator cohortDecorator = new ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator() {
+            final ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator cohortDecorator = new ShardCommitCoordinator.CohortDecorator() {
                 @Override
-                public ShardDataTreeCohort decorate(String txID, ShardDataTreeCohort actual) {
+                public ShardDataTreeCohort decorate(final String txID, final ShardDataTreeCohort actual) {
                     if(mockCohort.get() == null) {
                         mockCohort.set(createDelegatingMockCohort("cohort", actual));
                     }
@@ -892,22 +929,22 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Send a BatchedModifications to start a transaction.
 
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID, TestModel.TEST_PATH,
-                    ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), false, false), getRef());
+                    ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), false, false, 1), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, BatchedModificationsReply.class);
 
             // Send a couple more BatchedModifications.
 
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
-                    ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build(), false, false), getRef());
+                ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build(), false, false, 2), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, BatchedModificationsReply.class);
 
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(
                     TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH).nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1).build(),
-                    ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1), true, true), getRef());
+                ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1), true, true, 3), getRef());
 
             expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockCohort.get());
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockCohort.get());
             inOrder.verify(mockCohort.get()).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(mockCohort.get()).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(mockCohort.get()).commit();
@@ -920,17 +957,81 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         }};
     }
 
+    @Test(expected=IllegalStateException.class)
+    public void testBatchedModificationsReadyWithIncorrectTotalMessageCount() throws Throwable {
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                    "testBatchedModificationsReadyWithIncorrectTotalMessageCount");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            final String transactionID = "tx1";
+            final BatchedModifications batched = new BatchedModifications(transactionID, DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION, null);
+            batched.setReady(true);
+            batched.setTotalMessagesSent(2);
+
+            shard.tell(batched, getRef());
+
+            final Failure failure = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), akka.actor.Status.Failure.class);
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+            if(failure != null) {
+                throw failure.cause();
+            }
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBatchedModificationsWithOperationFailure() throws Throwable {
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                    "testBatchedModificationsWithOperationFailure");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            // Test merge with invalid data. An exception should occur when the merge is applied. Note that
+            // write will not validate the children for performance reasons.
+
+            String transactionID = "tx1";
+
+            ContainerNode invalidData = ImmutableContainerNodeBuilder.create().withNodeIdentifier(
+                    new YangInstanceIdentifier.NodeIdentifier(TestModel.TEST_QNAME)).
+                        withChild(ImmutableNodes.leafNode(TestModel.JUNK_QNAME, "junk")).build();
+
+            BatchedModifications batched = new BatchedModifications(transactionID, CURRENT_VERSION, null);
+            batched.addModification(new MergeModification(TestModel.TEST_PATH, invalidData));
+            shard.tell(batched, getRef());
+            Failure failure = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), akka.actor.Status.Failure.class);
+
+            Throwable cause = failure.cause();
+
+            batched = new BatchedModifications(transactionID, DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION, null);
+            batched.setReady(true);
+            batched.setTotalMessagesSent(2);
+
+            shard.tell(batched, getRef());
+
+            failure = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), akka.actor.Status.Failure.class);
+            assertEquals("Failure cause", cause, failure.cause());
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    private static void verifyOuterListEntry(final TestActorRef<Shard> shard, Object expIDValue) throws Exception {
-        NormalizedNode<?, ?> outerList = readStore(shard, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH);
+    private static void verifyOuterListEntry(final TestActorRef<Shard> shard, final Object expIDValue) throws Exception {
+        final NormalizedNode<?, ?> outerList = readStore(shard, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH);
         assertNotNull(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME.getLocalName() + " not found", outerList);
         assertTrue(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME.getLocalName() + " value is not Iterable",
                 outerList.getValue() instanceof Iterable);
-        Object entry = ((Iterable<Object>)outerList.getValue()).iterator().next();
+        final Object entry = ((Iterable<Object>)outerList.getValue()).iterator().next();
         assertTrue(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME.getLocalName() + " entry is not MapEntryNode",
                 entry instanceof MapEntryNode);
-        MapEntryNode mapEntry = (MapEntryNode)entry;
-        Optional<DataContainerChild<? extends PathArgument, ?>> idLeaf =
+        final MapEntryNode mapEntry = (MapEntryNode)entry;
+        final Optional<DataContainerChild<? extends PathArgument, ?>> idLeaf =
                 mapEntry.getChild(new YangInstanceIdentifier.NodeIdentifier(TestModel.ID_QNAME));
         assertTrue("Missing leaf " + TestModel.ID_QNAME.getLocalName(), idLeaf.isPresent());
         assertEquals(TestModel.ID_QNAME.getLocalName() + " value", expIDValue, idLeaf.get().getValue());
@@ -945,35 +1046,35 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-            String transactionChainID = "txChain";
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final String transactionChainID = "txChain";
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
 
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
             // Send a BatchedModifications to start a chained write transaction and ready it.
 
-            ContainerNode containerNode = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
-            YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+            final ContainerNode containerNode = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
             shard.tell(newBatchedModifications(transactionID1, transactionChainID, path,
-                    containerNode, true, false), getRef());
+                    containerNode, true, false, 1), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
             // Create a read Tx on the same chain.
 
-            shard.tell(new CreateTransaction(transactionID2, TransactionProxy.TransactionType.READ_ONLY.ordinal() ,
+            shard.tell(new CreateTransaction(transactionID2, TransactionType.READ_ONLY.ordinal() ,
                     transactionChainID).toSerializable(), getRef());
 
-            CreateTransactionReply createReply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"), CreateTransactionReply.class);
+            final CreateTransactionReply createReply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"), CreateTransactionReply.class);
 
             getSystem().actorSelection(createReply.getTransactionActorPath()).tell(new ReadData(path), getRef());
-            ReadDataReply readReply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"), ReadDataReply.class);
+            final ReadDataReply readReply = expectMsgClass(duration("3 seconds"), ReadDataReply.class);
             assertEquals("Read node", containerNode, readReply.getNormalizedNode());
 
             // Commit the write transaction.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
@@ -982,7 +1083,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             // Verify data in the data store.
 
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, path);
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, path);
             assertEquals("Stored node", containerNode, actualNode);
 
             shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
@@ -993,13 +1094,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     public void testOnBatchedModificationsWhenNotLeader() {
         final AtomicBoolean overrideLeaderCalls = new AtomicBoolean();
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+            final Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
                 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
                 @Override
                 public Shard create() throws Exception {
-                    return new Shard(shardID, Collections.<String,String>emptyMap(),
-                            newDatastoreContext(), SCHEMA_CONTEXT) {
+                    return new Shard(newShardBuilder()) {
                         @Override
                         protected boolean isLeader() {
                             return overrideLeaderCalls.get() ? false : super.isLeader();
@@ -1014,14 +1114,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 }
             };
 
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)), "testOnBatchedModificationsWhenNotLeader");
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             overrideLeaderCalls.set(true);
 
-            BatchedModifications batched = new BatchedModifications("tx", DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION, "");
+            final BatchedModifications batched = new BatchedModifications("tx", DataStoreVersions.CURRENT_VERSION, "");
 
             shard.tell(batched, ActorRef.noSender());
 
@@ -1040,15 +1140,15 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-            ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
 
-            String transactionID = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> containerNode = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> containerNode = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort", dataStore,
                     TestModel.TEST_PATH, containerNode, modification);
 
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
             // by the ShardTransaction.
@@ -1058,18 +1158,96 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             expectMsgClass(duration, ThreePhaseCommitCohortMessages.CommitTransactionReply.class);
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
             inOrder.verify(cohort).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort).commit();
 
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
             assertEquals(TestModel.TEST_QNAME.getLocalName(), containerNode, actualNode);
 
             shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
         }};
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testReadyLocalTransactionWithImmediateCommit() throws Exception{
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                    "testReadyLocalTransactionWithImmediateCommit");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+
+            final DataTreeModification modification = dataStore.newModification();
+
+            final ContainerNode writeData = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+            new WriteModification(TestModel.TEST_PATH, writeData).apply(modification);
+            final MapNode mergeData = ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build();
+            new MergeModification(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH, mergeData).apply(modification);
+
+            final String txId = "tx1";
+            modification.ready();
+            final ReadyLocalTransaction readyMessage = new ReadyLocalTransaction(txId, modification, true);
+
+            shard.tell(readyMessage, getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH);
+            assertEquals(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME.getLocalName(), mergeData, actualNode);
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadyLocalTransactionWithThreePhaseCommit() throws Exception{
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                    "testReadyLocalTransactionWithThreePhaseCommit");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+
+            final DataTreeModification modification = dataStore.newModification();
+
+            final ContainerNode writeData = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+            new WriteModification(TestModel.TEST_PATH, writeData).apply(modification);
+            final MapNode mergeData = ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build();
+            new MergeModification(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH, mergeData).apply(modification);
+
+            final String txId = "tx1";
+                modification.ready();
+            final ReadyLocalTransaction readyMessage = new ReadyLocalTransaction(txId, modification, false);
+
+            shard.tell(readyMessage, getRef());
+
+            expectMsgClass(ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            // Send the CanCommitTransaction message.
+
+            shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(txId).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+                    expectMsgClass(CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
+            assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
+
+            // Send the CanCommitTransaction message.
+
+            shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(txId).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH);
+            assertEquals(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME.getLocalName(), mergeData, actualNode);
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testCommitWithPersistenceDisabled() throws Throwable {
         dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false);
@@ -1080,29 +1258,29 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-            ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
 
             // Setup a simulated transactions with a mock cohort.
 
-            String transactionID = "tx";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> containerNode = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort", dataStore,
-                    TestModel.TEST_PATH, containerNode, modification);
+            final String transactionID = "tx";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> containerNode = ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME);
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort", dataStore,
+                TestModel.TEST_PATH, containerNode, modification);
 
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
             // by the ShardTransaction.
 
             shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID, CURRENT_VERSION,
-                    cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
+                cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
@@ -1111,12 +1289,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
             inOrder.verify(cohort).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort).commit();
 
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actualNode = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
             assertEquals(TestModel.TEST_QNAME.getLocalName(), containerNode, actualNode);
 
             shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
@@ -1124,8 +1302,8 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     }
 
     private static DataTreeCandidateTip mockCandidate(final String name) {
-        DataTreeCandidateTip mockCandidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class, name);
-        DataTreeCandidateNode mockCandidateNode = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class, name + "-node");
+        final DataTreeCandidateTip mockCandidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class, name);
+        final DataTreeCandidateNode mockCandidateNode = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class, name + "-node");
         doReturn(ModificationType.WRITE).when(mockCandidateNode).getModificationType();
         doReturn(Optional.of(ImmutableNodes.containerNode(CARS_QNAME))).when(mockCandidateNode).getDataAfter();
         doReturn(YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build()).when(mockCandidate).getRootPath();
@@ -1134,8 +1312,8 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     }
 
     private static DataTreeCandidateTip mockUnmodifiedCandidate(final String name) {
-        DataTreeCandidateTip mockCandidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class, name);
-        DataTreeCandidateNode mockCandidateNode = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class, name + "-node");
+        final DataTreeCandidateTip mockCandidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class, name);
+        final DataTreeCandidateNode mockCandidateNode = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class, name + "-node");
         doReturn(ModificationType.UNMODIFIED).when(mockCandidateNode).getModificationType();
         doReturn(YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build()).when(mockCandidate).getRootPath();
         doReturn(mockCandidateNode).when(mockCandidate).getRootNode();
@@ -1154,15 +1332,15 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
                 waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-                String transactionID = "tx1";
-                MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-                ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+                final String transactionID = "tx1";
+                final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+                final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
                 doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
                 doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).preCommit();
                 doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).commit();
                 doReturn(mockUnmodifiedCandidate("cohort1-candidate")).when(cohort).getCandidate();
 
-                FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+                final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
                 // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
                 // by the ShardTransaction.
@@ -1174,24 +1352,27 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 // Send the CanCommitTransaction message.
 
                 shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
-                CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+                final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                         expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
                 assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
                 shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
                 expectMsgClass(duration, ThreePhaseCommitCohortMessages.CommitTransactionReply.class);
 
-                InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
+                final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
                 inOrder.verify(cohort).canCommit();
                 inOrder.verify(cohort).preCommit();
                 inOrder.verify(cohort).commit();
 
+                shard.tell(Shard.GET_SHARD_MBEAN_MESSAGE, getRef());
+                final ShardStats shardStats = expectMsgClass(duration, ShardStats.class);
+
                 // Use MBean for verification
                 // Committed transaction count should increase as usual
-                assertEquals(1,shard.underlyingActor().getShardMBean().getCommittedTransactionsCount());
+                assertEquals(1,shardStats.getCommittedTransactionsCount());
 
                 // Commit index should not advance because this does not go into the journal
-                assertEquals(-1, shard.underlyingActor().getShardMBean().getCommitIndex());
+                assertEquals(-1, shardStats.getCommitIndex());
 
                 shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
 
@@ -1209,16 +1390,16 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
                 waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-                String transactionID = "tx1";
-                MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+                final String transactionID = "tx1";
+                final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
                 modification.addModification(new DeleteModification(YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build()));
-                ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+                final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
                 doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
                 doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).preCommit();
                 doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).commit();
                 doReturn(mockCandidate("cohort1-candidate")).when(cohort).getCandidate();
 
-                FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+                final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
                 // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
                 // by the ShardTransaction.
@@ -1230,24 +1411,27 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 // Send the CanCommitTransaction message.
 
                 shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
-                CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+                final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                         expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
                 assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
                 shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
                 expectMsgClass(duration, ThreePhaseCommitCohortMessages.CommitTransactionReply.class);
 
-                InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
+                final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort);
                 inOrder.verify(cohort).canCommit();
                 inOrder.verify(cohort).preCommit();
                 inOrder.verify(cohort).commit();
 
+                shard.tell(Shard.GET_SHARD_MBEAN_MESSAGE, getRef());
+                final ShardStats shardStats = expectMsgClass(duration, ShardStats.class);
+
                 // Use MBean for verification
                 // Committed transaction count should increase as usual
-                assertEquals(1, shard.underlyingActor().getShardMBean().getCommittedTransactionsCount());
+                assertEquals(1, shardStats.getCommittedTransactionsCount());
 
                 // Commit index should advance as we do not have an empty modification
-                assertEquals(0, shard.underlyingActor().getShardMBean().getCommitIndex());
+                assertEquals(0, shardStats.getCommitIndex());
 
                 shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
 
@@ -1267,20 +1451,20 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Setup 2 simulated transactions with mock cohorts. The first one fails in the
             // commit phase.
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort1).canCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort1).preCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFailedFuture(new IllegalStateException("mock"))).when(cohort1).commit();
             doReturn(mockCandidate("cohort1-candidate")).when(cohort1).getCandidate();
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort2");
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort2");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort2).canCommit();
 
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
             final Timeout timeout = new Timeout(duration);
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1297,14 +1481,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the first Tx.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the 2nd Tx. This should get queued and
             // processed after the first Tx completes.
 
-            Future<Object> canCommitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
+            final Future<Object> canCommitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
                     new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), timeout);
 
             // Send the CommitTransaction message for the first Tx. This should send back an error
@@ -1325,7 +1509,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             assertEquals("2nd CanCommit complete", true, latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2);
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2);
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).commit();
@@ -1344,18 +1528,18 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort1).canCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFailedFuture(new IllegalStateException("mock"))).when(cohort1).preCommit();
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort2");
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort2");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort2).canCommit();
 
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
             final Timeout timeout = new Timeout(duration);
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1372,14 +1556,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the first Tx.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
-                    expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+                expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the 2nd Tx. This should get queued and
             // processed after the first Tx completes.
 
-            Future<Object> canCommitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
+            final Future<Object> canCommitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
                     new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), timeout);
 
             // Send the CommitTransaction message for the first Tx. This should send back an error
@@ -1400,7 +1584,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             assertEquals("2nd CanCommit complete", true, latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2);
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2);
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).preCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort2).canCommit();
@@ -1420,9 +1604,9 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFailedFuture(new IllegalStateException("mock"))).when(cohort).canCommit();
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1441,7 +1625,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             reset(cohort);
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
 
             shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID2, CURRENT_VERSION,
@@ -1449,7 +1633,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply reply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply reply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("getCanCommit", true, reply.getCanCommit());
 
@@ -1468,9 +1652,9 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.FALSE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1491,11 +1675,11 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             reset(cohort);
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
 
             shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID2, CURRENT_VERSION,
-                    cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
+                cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), getRef());
@@ -1518,9 +1702,9 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFailedFuture(new IllegalStateException("mock"))).when(cohort).canCommit();
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1535,12 +1719,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             reset(cohort);
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort).preCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort).commit();
-            DataTreeCandidateTip candidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class);
-            DataTreeCandidateNode candidateRoot = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class);
+            final DataTreeCandidateTip candidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class);
+            final DataTreeCandidateNode candidateRoot = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class);
             doReturn(ModificationType.UNMODIFIED).when(candidateRoot).getModificationType();
             doReturn(candidateRoot).when(candidate).getRootNode();
             doReturn(candidate).when(cohort).getCandidate();
@@ -1565,9 +1749,9 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
-            String transactionID = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.FALSE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1582,12 +1766,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             reset(cohort);
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort).canCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort).preCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort).commit();
-            DataTreeCandidateTip candidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class);
-            DataTreeCandidateNode candidateRoot = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class);
+            final DataTreeCandidateTip candidate = mock(DataTreeCandidateTip.class);
+            final DataTreeCandidateNode candidateRoot = mock(DataTreeCandidateNode.class);
             doReturn(ModificationType.UNMODIFIED).when(candidateRoot).getModificationType();
             doReturn(candidateRoot).when(candidate).getRootNode();
             doReturn(candidate).when(cohort).getCandidate();
@@ -1611,14 +1795,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
-            ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
 
             final String transactionID = "tx1";
-            Function<ShardDataTreeCohort, ListenableFuture<Void>> preCommit =
+            final Function<ShardDataTreeCohort, ListenableFuture<Void>> preCommit =
                           new Function<ShardDataTreeCohort, ListenableFuture<Void>>() {
                 @Override
                 public ListenableFuture<Void> apply(final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort) {
-                    ListenableFuture<Void> preCommitFuture = cohort.preCommit();
+                    final ListenableFuture<Void> preCommitFuture = cohort.preCommit();
 
                     // Simulate an AbortTransaction message occurring during replication, after
                     // persisting and before finishing the commit to the in-memory store.
@@ -1634,24 +1818,24 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 }
             };
 
-            MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
                     TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME),
                     modification, preCommit);
 
             shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID, CURRENT_VERSION,
-                    cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
+                cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
-                    expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+                expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
             shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
 
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH);
 
             // Since we're simulating an abort occurring during replication and before finish commit,
             // the data should still get written to the in-memory store since we've gotten past
@@ -1675,7 +1859,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
-            ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
 
             writeToStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
             writeToStore(shard, TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
@@ -1683,9 +1867,9 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             // Create 1st Tx - will timeout
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
                     YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
                         .nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1).build(),
                     ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 1),
@@ -1693,11 +1877,11 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             // Create 2nd Tx
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx3";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            YangInstanceIdentifier listNodePath = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx3";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier listNodePath = YangInstanceIdentifier.builder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH)
                 .nodeWithKey(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 2).build();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
                     listNodePath,
                     ImmutableNodes.mapEntry(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME, TestModel.ID_QNAME, 2),
                     modification2);
@@ -1732,7 +1916,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
 
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = readStore(shard, listNodePath);
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = readStore(shard, listNodePath);
             assertNotNull(listNodePath + " not found", node);
 
             shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
@@ -1741,7 +1925,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
     @Test
     public void testTransactionCommitQueueCapacityExceeded() throws Throwable {
-        dataStoreContextBuilder.shardTransactionCommitQueueCapacity(1);
+        dataStoreContextBuilder.shardTransactionCommitQueueCapacity(2);
 
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
             final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
@@ -1752,23 +1936,23 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
 
-            ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
                     TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification1);
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort2", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort2", dataStore,
                     TestModel.OUTER_LIST_PATH,
                     ImmutableNodes.mapNodeBuilder(TestModel.OUTER_LIST_QNAME).build(),
                     modification2);
 
-            String transactionID3 = "tx3";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification3 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort3 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
+            final String transactionID3 = "tx3";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification3 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort3 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
                     TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification3);
 
             // Ready the Tx's
@@ -1781,9 +1965,11 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                     cohort2, modification2, true, false), getRef());
             expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
 
+            // The 3rd Tx should exceed queue capacity and fail.
+
             shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID3, CURRENT_VERSION,
                     cohort3, modification3, true, false), getRef());
-            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+            expectMsgClass(duration, akka.actor.Status.Failure.class);
 
             // canCommit 1st Tx.
 
@@ -1803,6 +1989,126 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         }};
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactionCommitWithPriorExpiredCohortEntries() throws Throwable {
+        dataStoreContextBuilder.shardCommitQueueExpiryTimeoutInMillis(1300).shardTransactionCommitTimeoutInSeconds(1);
+
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                    "testTransactionCommitWithPriorExpiredCohortEntries");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
+                    TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification1);
+
+            shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID1, CURRENT_VERSION,
+                cohort1, modification1, true, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort2", dataStore,
+                    TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification2);
+
+            shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID2, CURRENT_VERSION,
+                    cohort2, modification2, true, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            final String transactionID3 = "tx3";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification3 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort3 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort3", dataStore,
+                    TestModel.TEST2_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST2_QNAME), modification3);
+
+            shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID3, CURRENT_VERSION,
+                cohort3, modification3, true, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            // All Tx's are readied. We'll send canCommit for the last one but not the others. The others
+            // should expire from the queue and the last one should be processed.
+
+            shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID3).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactionCommitWithSubsequentExpiredCohortEntry() throws Throwable {
+        dataStoreContextBuilder.shardCommitQueueExpiryTimeoutInMillis(1300).shardTransactionCommitTimeoutInSeconds(1);
+
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                    "testTransactionCommitWithSubsequentExpiredCohortEntry");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+
+            final ShardDataTree dataStore = shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore();
+
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort1", dataStore,
+                    TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification1);
+
+            shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID1, CURRENT_VERSION,
+                    cohort1, modification1, true, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            // CanCommit the first one so it's the current in-progress CohortEntry.
+
+            shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            // Ready the second Tx.
+
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = setupMockWriteTransaction("cohort2", dataStore,
+                    TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME), modification2);
+
+            shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID2, CURRENT_VERSION,
+                    cohort2, modification2, true, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            // Ready the third Tx.
+
+            final String transactionID3 = "tx3";
+            final DataTreeModification modification3 = dataStore.newModification();
+            new WriteModification(TestModel.TEST2_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST2_QNAME))
+                    .apply(modification3);
+                modification3.ready();
+            final ReadyLocalTransaction readyMessage = new ReadyLocalTransaction(transactionID3, modification3, true);
+
+            shard.tell(readyMessage, getRef());
+
+            // Commit the first Tx. After completing, the second should expire from the queue and the third
+            // Tx committed.
+
+            shard.tell(new CommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            // Expect commit reply from the third Tx.
+
+            expectMsgClass(duration, CommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            final NormalizedNode<?, ?> node = readStore(shard, TestModel.TEST2_PATH);
+            assertNotNull(TestModel.TEST2_PATH + " not found", node);
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testCanCommitBeforeReadyFailure() throws Throwable {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
@@ -1818,28 +2124,28 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testAbortTransaction() throws Throwable {
+    public void testAbortCurrentTransaction() throws Throwable {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
             final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     newShardProps().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
-                    "testAbortTransaction");
+                    "testAbortCurrentTransaction");
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
             // Setup 2 simulated transactions with mock cohorts. The first one will be aborted.
 
-            String transactionID1 = "tx1";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
+            final String transactionID1 = "tx1";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification1 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort1 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort1");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort1).canCommit();
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort1).abort();
 
-            String transactionID2 = "tx2";
-            MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
-            ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort2");
+            final String transactionID2 = "tx2";
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification2 = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort2 = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort2");
             doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(Boolean.TRUE)).when(cohort2).canCommit();
 
-            FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
             final Timeout timeout = new Timeout(duration);
 
             // Simulate the ForwardedReadyTransaction messages that would be sent
@@ -1856,14 +2162,14 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the first Tx.
 
             shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID1).toSerializable(), getRef());
-            CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
+            final CanCommitTransactionReply canCommitReply = CanCommitTransactionReply.fromSerializable(
                     expectMsgClass(duration, CanCommitTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS));
             assertEquals("Can commit", true, canCommitReply.getCanCommit());
 
             // Send the CanCommitTransaction message for the 2nd Tx. This should get queued and
             // processed after the first Tx completes.
 
-            Future<Object> canCommitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
+            final Future<Object> canCommitFuture = Patterns.ask(shard,
                     new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID2).toSerializable(), timeout);
 
             // Send the AbortTransaction message for the first Tx. This should trigger the 2nd
@@ -1876,7 +2182,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
             Await.ready(canCommitFuture, duration);
 
-            InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2);
+            final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(cohort1, cohort2);
             inOrder.verify(cohort1).canCommit();
             inOrder.verify(cohort2).canCommit();
 
@@ -1884,6 +2190,77 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         }};
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testAbortQueuedTransaction() throws Throwable {
+        dataStoreContextBuilder.shardTransactionCommitTimeoutInSeconds(1);
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final AtomicReference<CountDownLatch> cleaupCheckLatch = new AtomicReference<>();
+            @SuppressWarnings("serial")
+            final Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+                @Override
+                public Shard create() throws Exception {
+                    return new Shard(newShardBuilder()) {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onReceiveCommand(final Object message) throws Exception {
+                            super.onReceiveCommand(message);
+                            if(message.equals(TX_COMMIT_TIMEOUT_CHECK_MESSAGE)) {
+                                if(cleaupCheckLatch.get() != null) {
+                                    cleaupCheckLatch.get().countDown();
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+            };
+
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                    Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)).withDispatcher(
+                            Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()), "testAbortQueuedTransaction");
+
+            waitUntilLeader(shard);
+
+            final String transactionID = "tx1";
+
+            final MutableCompositeModification modification = new MutableCompositeModification();
+            final ShardDataTreeCohort cohort = mock(ShardDataTreeCohort.class, "cohort");
+            doReturn(Futures.immediateFuture(null)).when(cohort).abort();
+
+            final FiniteDuration duration = duration("5 seconds");
+
+            // Ready the tx.
+
+            shard.tell(new ForwardedReadyTransaction(transactionID, CURRENT_VERSION,
+                    cohort, modification, true, false), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, ReadyTransactionReply.class);
+
+            assertEquals("getPendingTxCommitQueueSize", 1, shard.underlyingActor().getPendingTxCommitQueueSize());
+
+            // Send the AbortTransaction message.
+
+            shard.tell(new AbortTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
+            expectMsgClass(duration, AbortTransactionReply.SERIALIZABLE_CLASS);
+
+            verify(cohort).abort();
+
+            // Verify the tx cohort is removed from queue at the cleanup check interval.
+
+            cleaupCheckLatch.set(new CountDownLatch(1));
+            assertEquals("TX_COMMIT_TIMEOUT_CHECK_MESSAGE received", true,
+                    cleaupCheckLatch.get().await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+
+            assertEquals("getPendingTxCommitQueueSize", 0, shard.underlyingActor().getPendingTxCommitQueueSize());
+
+            // Now send CanCommitTransaction - should fail.
+
+            shard.tell(new CanCommitTransaction(transactionID).toSerializable(), getRef());
+
+            Throwable failure = expectMsgClass(duration, akka.actor.Status.Failure.class).cause();
+            assertTrue("Failure type", failure instanceof IllegalStateException);
+
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testCreateSnapshot() throws Exception {
         testCreateSnapshot(true, "testCreateSnapshot");
@@ -1901,12 +2278,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
         final AtomicReference<Object> savedSnapshot = new AtomicReference<>();
         class TestPersistentDataProvider extends DelegatingPersistentDataProvider {
-            TestPersistentDataProvider(DataPersistenceProvider delegate) {
+            TestPersistentDataProvider(final DataPersistenceProvider delegate) {
                 super(delegate);
             }
 
             @Override
-            public void saveSnapshot(Object o) {
+            public void saveSnapshot(final Object o) {
                 savedSnapshot.set(o);
                 super.saveSnapshot(o);
             }
@@ -1917,14 +2294,13 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
             class TestShard extends Shard {
 
-                protected TestShard(ShardIdentifier name, Map<String, String> peerAddresses,
-                                    DatastoreContext datastoreContext, SchemaContext schemaContext) {
-                    super(name, peerAddresses, datastoreContext, schemaContext);
+                protected TestShard(AbstractBuilder<?, ?> builder) {
+                    super(builder);
                     setPersistence(new TestPersistentDataProvider(super.persistence()));
                 }
 
                 @Override
-                public void handleCommand(Object message) {
+                public void handleCommand(final Object message) {
                     super.handleCommand(message);
 
                     if (message instanceof SaveSnapshotSuccess || message.equals("commit_snapshot")) {
@@ -1938,55 +2314,53 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 }
             }
 
-            Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+            final Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
                 @Override
                 public Shard create() throws Exception {
-                    return new TestShard(shardID, Collections.<String,String>emptyMap(),
-                            newDatastoreContext(), SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
+                    return new TestShard(newShardBuilder());
                 }
             };
 
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)), shardActorName);
 
             waitUntilLeader(shard);
-
             writeToStore(shard, TestModel.TEST_PATH, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
 
-            NormalizedNode<?,?> expectedRoot = readStore(shard, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
+            final NormalizedNode<?,?> expectedRoot = readStore(shard, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
 
             // Trigger creation of a snapshot by ensuring
-            RaftActorContext raftActorContext = ((TestShard) shard.underlyingActor()).getRaftActorContext();
+            final RaftActorContext raftActorContext = ((TestShard) shard.underlyingActor()).getRaftActorContext();
             raftActorContext.getSnapshotManager().capture(mock(ReplicatedLogEntry.class), -1);
-
-            assertEquals("Snapshot saved", true, latch.get().await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-
-            assertTrue("Invalid saved snapshot " + savedSnapshot.get(),
-                    savedSnapshot.get() instanceof Snapshot);
-
-            verifySnapshot((Snapshot)savedSnapshot.get(), expectedRoot);
-
-            latch.set(new CountDownLatch(1));
-            savedSnapshot.set(null);
+            awaitAndValidateSnapshot(expectedRoot);
 
             raftActorContext.getSnapshotManager().capture(mock(ReplicatedLogEntry.class), -1);
+            awaitAndValidateSnapshot(expectedRoot);
 
-            assertEquals("Snapshot saved", true, latch.get().await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }
 
-            assertTrue("Invalid saved snapshot " + savedSnapshot.get(),
-                    savedSnapshot.get() instanceof Snapshot);
+            private void awaitAndValidateSnapshot(NormalizedNode<?,?> expectedRoot
+                                              ) throws InterruptedException {
+                System.out.println("Inside awaitAndValidateSnapshot {}" + savedSnapshot.get());
+                assertEquals("Snapshot saved", true, latch.get().await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
 
-            verifySnapshot((Snapshot)savedSnapshot.get(), expectedRoot);
+                assertTrue("Invalid saved snapshot " + savedSnapshot.get(),
+                        savedSnapshot.get() instanceof Snapshot);
 
-            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
-        }
+                verifySnapshot((Snapshot)savedSnapshot.get(), expectedRoot);
+
+                latch.set(new CountDownLatch(1));
+                savedSnapshot.set(null);
+            }
 
-        private void verifySnapshot(Snapshot snapshot, NormalizedNode<?,?> expectedRoot) {
+            private void verifySnapshot(final Snapshot snapshot, final NormalizedNode<?,?> expectedRoot) {
 
-            NormalizedNode<?, ?> actual = SerializationUtils.deserializeNormalizedNode(snapshot.getState());
-            assertEquals("Root node", expectedRoot, actual);
+                final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actual = SerializationUtils.deserializeNormalizedNode(snapshot.getState());
+                assertEquals("Root node", expectedRoot, actual);
 
-        }};
+           }
+        };
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1996,25 +2370,25 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
      */
     @Test
     public void testInMemoryDataTreeRestore() throws ReadFailedException, DataValidationFailedException {
-        DataTree store = InMemoryDataTreeFactory.getInstance().create();
+        final DataTree store = InMemoryDataTreeFactory.getInstance().create(TreeType.OPERATIONAL);
         store.setSchemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
 
-        DataTreeModification putTransaction = store.takeSnapshot().newModification();
+        final DataTreeModification putTransaction = store.takeSnapshot().newModification();
         putTransaction.write(TestModel.TEST_PATH,
             ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
         commitTransaction(store, putTransaction);
 
 
-        NormalizedNode<?, ?> expected = readStore(store, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
+        final NormalizedNode<?, ?> expected = readStore(store, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
 
-        DataTreeModification writeTransaction = store.takeSnapshot().newModification();
+        final DataTreeModification writeTransaction = store.takeSnapshot().newModification();
 
         writeTransaction.delete(YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
         writeTransaction.write(YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build(), expected);
 
         commitTransaction(store, writeTransaction);
 
-        NormalizedNode<?, ?> actual = readStore(store, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
+        final NormalizedNode<?, ?> actual = readStore(store, YangInstanceIdentifier.builder().build());
 
         assertEquals(expected, actual);
     }
@@ -2025,24 +2399,24 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         final DatastoreContext persistentContext = DatastoreContext.newBuilder().
                 shardJournalRecoveryLogBatchSize(3).shardSnapshotBatchCount(5000).persistent(true).build();
 
-        final Props persistentProps = Shard.props(shardID, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap(),
-                persistentContext, SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
+        final Props persistentProps = Shard.builder().id(shardID).datastoreContext(persistentContext).
+                schemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT).props();
 
         final DatastoreContext nonPersistentContext = DatastoreContext.newBuilder().
                 shardJournalRecoveryLogBatchSize(3).shardSnapshotBatchCount(5000).persistent(false).build();
 
-        final Props nonPersistentProps = Shard.props(shardID, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap(),
-                nonPersistentContext, SCHEMA_CONTEXT);
+        final Props nonPersistentProps = Shard.builder().id(shardID).datastoreContext(nonPersistentContext).
+                schemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT).props();
 
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard1 = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard1 = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     persistentProps, "testPersistence1");
 
             assertTrue("Recovery Applicable", shard1.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
 
             shard1.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
 
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard2 = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard2 = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
                     nonPersistentProps, "testPersistence2");
 
             assertFalse("Recovery Not Applicable", shard2.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
@@ -2058,7 +2432,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
             dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(true);
 
-            TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(), "testOnDatastoreContext");
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), newShardProps(), "testOnDatastoreContext");
 
             assertEquals("isRecoveryApplicable", true,
                     shard.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
@@ -2068,12 +2442,12 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
             shard.tell(dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false).build(), ActorRef.noSender());
 
             assertEquals("isRecoveryApplicable", false,
-                    shard.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
+                shard.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
 
             shard.tell(dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(true).build(), ActorRef.noSender());
 
             assertEquals("isRecoveryApplicable", true,
-                    shard.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
+                shard.underlyingActor().persistence().isRecoveryApplicable());
 
             shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
         }};
@@ -2089,7 +2463,7 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
 
                 waitUntilLeader(shard);
 
-                TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> listener =
+                final TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> listener =
                         TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), Props.create(MessageCollectorActor.class));
 
                 shard.tell(new RegisterRoleChangeListener(), listener);
@@ -2097,11 +2471,11 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
                 MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(listener, RegisterRoleChangeListenerReply.class);
 
                 ShardLeaderStateChanged leaderStateChanged = MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(listener,
-                        ShardLeaderStateChanged.class);
+                    ShardLeaderStateChanged.class);
                 assertEquals("getLocalShardDataTree present", true,
                         leaderStateChanged.getLocalShardDataTree().isPresent());
                 assertSame("getLocalShardDataTree", shard.underlyingActor().getDataStore().getDataTree(),
-                        leaderStateChanged.getLocalShardDataTree().get());
+                    leaderStateChanged.getLocalShardDataTree().get());
 
                 MessageCollectorActor.clearMessages(listener);
 
@@ -2136,9 +2510,168 @@ public class ShardTest extends AbstractShardTest {
         shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
     }
 
-    private static void commitTransaction(DataTree store, final DataTreeModification modification) throws DataValidationFailedException {
+    private static void commitTransaction(final DataTree store, final DataTreeModification modification) throws DataValidationFailedException {
         modification.ready();
         store.validate(modification);
         store.commit(store.prepare(modification));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClusteredDataChangeListernerDelayedRegistration() throws Exception {
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false);
+            final CountDownLatch onFirstElectionTimeout = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            final CountDownLatch onChangeListenerRegistered = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            final Creator<Shard> creator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+                private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+                boolean firstElectionTimeout = true;
+
+                @Override
+                public Shard create() throws Exception {
+                    return new Shard(newShardBuilder()) {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onReceiveCommand(final Object message) throws Exception {
+                            if(message instanceof ElectionTimeout && firstElectionTimeout) {
+                                firstElectionTimeout = false;
+                                final ActorRef self = getSelf();
+                                new Thread() {
+                                    @Override
+                                    public void run() {
+                                        Uninterruptibles.awaitUninterruptibly(
+                                            onChangeListenerRegistered, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+                                        self.tell(message, self);
+                                    }
+                                }.start();
+
+                                onFirstElectionTimeout.countDown();
+                            } else {
+                                super.onReceiveCommand(message);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+            };
+
+            final MockDataChangeListener listener = new MockDataChangeListener(1);
+            final ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataChangeListener.props(listener),
+                "testDataChangeListenerOnFollower-DataChangeListener");
+
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(creator)).withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()).
+                    withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),"testDataChangeListenerOnFollower");
+
+            assertEquals("Got first ElectionTimeout", true,
+                onFirstElectionTimeout.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+
+            shard.tell(new FindLeader(), getRef());
+            final FindLeaderReply findLeadeReply =
+                expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), FindLeaderReply.class);
+            assertNull("Expected the shard not to be the leader", findLeadeReply.getLeaderActor());
+
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+
+            shard.tell(new RegisterChangeListener(path, dclActor, AsyncDataBroker.DataChangeScope.BASE, true), getRef());
+            final RegisterChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
+                RegisterChangeListenerReply.class);
+            assertNotNull("getListenerRegistratioznPath", reply.getListenerRegistrationPath());
+
+            writeToStore(shard, path, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
+
+            onChangeListenerRegistered.countDown();
+
+            listener.waitForChangeEvents();
+
+            dclActor.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClusteredDataChangeListernerRegistration() throws Exception {
+        dataStoreContextBuilder.persistent(false).build();
+        new ShardTestKit(getSystem()) {{
+            final ShardIdentifier member1ShardID = ShardIdentifier.builder().memberName("member-1")
+                .shardName("inventory").type("config").build();
+
+            final ShardIdentifier member2ShardID = ShardIdentifier.builder().memberName("member-2")
+                .shardName("inventory").type("config").build();
+            final Creator<Shard> followerShardCreator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+                private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+                @Override
+                public Shard create() throws Exception {
+                    return new Shard(Shard.builder().id(member1ShardID).datastoreContext(newDatastoreContext()).
+                            peerAddresses(Collections.singletonMap(member2ShardID.toString(),
+                                    "akka://test/user/" + member2ShardID.toString())).schemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT)) {
+                        @Override
+                        public void onReceiveCommand(final Object message) throws Exception {
+
+                            if(!(message instanceof ElectionTimeout)) {
+                                super.onReceiveCommand(message);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+            };
+
+            final Creator<Shard> leaderShardCreator = new Creator<Shard>() {
+                private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+                @Override
+                public Shard create() throws Exception {
+                    return new Shard(Shard.builder().id(member2ShardID).datastoreContext(newDatastoreContext()).
+                            peerAddresses(Collections.singletonMap(member1ShardID.toString(),
+                                    "akka://test/user/" + member1ShardID.toString())).schemaContext(SCHEMA_CONTEXT)) {};
+                }
+            };
+
+
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shard = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(followerShardCreator)),
+                member1ShardID.toString());
+
+            final TestActorRef<Shard> shardLeader = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(),
+                Props.create(new DelegatingShardCreator(leaderShardCreator)).withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                member2ShardID.toString());
+            // Sleep to let election happen
+            Uninterruptibles.sleepUninterruptibly(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+            shard.tell(new FindLeader(), getRef());
+            final FindLeaderReply findLeaderReply =
+                    expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"), FindLeaderReply.class);
+            assertEquals("Shard leader does not match", shardLeader.path().toString(), findLeaderReply.getLeaderActor());
+
+            final YangInstanceIdentifier path = TestModel.TEST_PATH;
+            final MockDataChangeListener listener = new MockDataChangeListener(1);
+            final ActorRef dclActor = getSystem().actorOf(DataChangeListener.props(listener),
+                "testDataChangeListenerOnFollower-DataChangeListener");
+
+            shard.tell(new RegisterChangeListener(path, dclActor, AsyncDataBroker.DataChangeScope.BASE, true), getRef());
+            final RegisterChangeListenerReply reply = expectMsgClass(duration("5 seconds"),
+                RegisterChangeListenerReply.class);
+            assertNotNull("getListenerRegistratioznPath", reply.getListenerRegistrationPath());
+
+            writeToStore(shard, path, ImmutableNodes.containerNode(TestModel.TEST_QNAME));
+
+            listener.waitForChangeEvents();
+
+            dclActor.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+            shard.tell(PoisonPill.getInstance(), ActorRef.noSender());
+        }};
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testServerRemoved() throws Exception {
+        final TestActorRef<MessageCollectorActor> parent = TestActorRef.create(getSystem(), MessageCollectorActor.props());
+
+        final ActorRef shard = parent.underlyingActor().context().actorOf(
+                newShardBuilder().props().withDispatcher(Dispatchers.DefaultDispatcherId()),
+                "testServerRemoved");
+
+        shard.tell(new ServerRemoved("test"), ActorRef.noSender());
+
+        MessageCollectorActor.expectFirstMatching(parent, ServerRemoved.class);
+
+    }
+
 }